Research Results (CIFSRF) / Résultats de recherches (FCRSAI)
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Item Accroître la sécurité alimentaire en associant étroitement élevage, arbres et cultures par la pratique de l'agroforesterie au Mali : compte rendu de l'atelier de lancement du projet, 23-27 mai 2011, pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec(2011) Université de Laval; IER; IPR/IFRA; CECI Mali; ICRAF; ACDI; FCRSAIRéunir deux continents, regrouper cinq institutions différentes, impliquer des chercheurs provenant de disciplines aussi diversifiées que la biologie végétale, l’agroforesterie, les sciences animales, l’économie forestière et l’anthropologie et rallier des professionnels compétents dans le domaine de la participation paysanne et de la gestion de projet autour de la question de la sécurité alimentaire relève certainement de l’exploit. C’est pourtant ce à quoi aspirent les artisans du projet « Accroître la sécurité alimentaire en associant étroitement élevage, arbres et cultures par la pratique de l’agroforesterie au Mali ». Le projet, financé par l’ACDI via le Fonds canadien de recherche sur la sécurité alimentaire internationale et géré par le CRDI, s’échelonnera sur une durée de trois ans et demi et devra permettre, à terme, d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire des ménages ruraux, et en particulier des femmes, par l’amélioration des techniques d’embouche ovine et des pratiques agroforestières alliant la culture de ligneux fourragers à celle de produits vivriers.Item Conociendo la pesca en la cuenca baja de los ríos madre de Dios y Beni en época seca : divulgación de resultados de investigación; volumen 1(2011) Rico, Gabriela; Coca, Claudia; De La Fuente, Sebastían; Argote, Adalid; Arteaga, AlfredoItem Report of the Inception Workshop for the research project 'Sustainable Production and Utilization of Underutilized Nigerian Vegetables to Enhance Rural Food Security'(2011)This report provides a record of the inception workshop which lasted for 3 days, the workshop outcomes, and key discussions on major issues connected with the workshop. Technical details of the project were discussed, along with ways by which different tasks will be accomplished.Item Food security situation in Kenya and the Greater Horn of Africa(2011) Murithi, Festus MThe presentation reviews the context of food insecurity in Kenya, including geographical conditions, crops and crop yields, desertification, and domestic production and consumption. Agricultural and livestock support programmes are listed, as well as research support which includes the Kenya Agriculture Research Institute (KARI) partnership with McGill University (Canada). Strategic responses to drought are outlinedItem Manitoba universities and project partners awarded $6.4-Million from Canadian International Food Security Research Fund for international research(CNW Group, 2011) Patel, Kirit; Akinremi, WoleCanadian agricultural research in international food security receives financial support through the IDRC, CIFSRF and other partnerships. In this news article, two projects are highlighted: "Revalorizing minor millets in rain-fed regions of South Asia" and "Better vegetable growing opportunities for Nigerian women."Item Marketing of Under-utilised Indigenous Vegetables (IV) in South Western Nigeria : A Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis(2011) Ayanwale, Adeolu; Oyedele, Durodoluwa; Adebooye, Odunayo Clement; Adeyemo, VictoriaMainstream research systems have not given Indigenous vegetables (IV) priority in crop development. Most of the rural dwellers who gather them for food and nutrient supplies are women, and many of these crops are gathered with great difficulty. The presentation refers to findings of a study which assessed the socio-economic features, marketing channels, and gender characteristics of the marketers of IVs in southwestern Nigeria. Photos of the vegetables are also presented.Item Knowledge integration and the adoption of new agriculture technologies(2011) Eidt, Colleen M; Hickey, Gordon M; Curtis, Mark AThe Kenyan experience of food insecurity provides an opportunity to identify and better understand the barriers to integrating knowledge, specifically with regards to agricultural technologies and their adoption. There is a link between farmers’ levels of community organization and knowledge integration. This poster illustrates various dimensions of the project which worked with participating farmers to successfully introduce new agricultural technologies to communities for the purpose of increased food security.Item Peces para la vida(2011)Item Sahel agroforesterie, no. 15, janvier - décembre 2011(Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en agroforesterie (GIRAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, CA, 2011) Bonneville, Jean; Lavoie, AndréanneItem Baseline survey report of selected rural kebeles in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State(2011-01) Dejene, Sintayehu; Tessema, WorkuThe study is part of a larger project, “Improved food security in the highlands of Ethiopia through improved and sustainable agricultural productivity and human nutrition.” The study sites were selected based on criteria which include potential and actual cultivation of pulses like bean, lentil and chickpeas. Survey results from case studies of 60 randomly selected rural households are presented covering various issues pertinent to household characteristics, crop and livestock production, input use, household income and expenditure, social services and food habits. The communities depend mainly on rainfed agriculture, crop production, and cattle for milk.Item Gender review of MSSRF project titled “Empowering rural women for enhanced household food and nutritional security and income generation through participatory process in cultivation, processing and value addition of locally important under-utilised food grains” : final report(School of International Development, University of East Anglia, 2011-03) Rao, NityaProject locations constitute very different agroecological systems and policy contexts, which are reflected in diverse cropping patterns, lifestyles and social and cultural relations. These in turn impact gendered divisions of work and control over income and assets. This gender review highlights distinctive features of these systems that can contribute to context-specific and tailor-made interventions for empowerment of rural women. Significant trade-offs in terms of choices between food and cash crops; migration and value addition; and provision of labour versus control of activity, lead to key recommendations and suggested interventions for women’s participation derived from this analysis of four sites.Item Big funders push agriculture solutions : Bill Gates’s foundation is linking farming improvements to poverty relief(CISION, 2011-06) Romahn, JimItem Keepers of seed : the impact of the ‘Green Revolution’ in Africa on female farmers(Consultancy Africa Intelligence (CAI), 2011-06) Austin-Evelyn, KatherineMany visions for agricultural development are not drawn up by African voices, nor take into account developing countries’ experience with the first Green Revolution. Rural women in Africa produce 80% of the food, yet own 1% of the land, receive 7%of the agricultural extension services and less than 10% of the credit given to small-scale farmers. This paper scrutinizes the marginalization of women through neglect of women’s agricultural knowledge systems, and the support of programs that focus instead on cash crops. There are promising developments to address these structural issues from within the women’s farming movement itself.Item Aquaculture knowledge to improve livelihoods(Associated Newspapers of Ceylon, Colombo, LK, 2011-07) Wansathilake, AriyapalaThe Wayamba University and Calgary University in Canada are partners in a two year project to promote sustainable aquaculture knowledge mobilization to improve income and food security of the rural people in Sri Lanka.Item Empowering Women in Agricultural Research Processes for Enhanced Food Security-Case studies from Kenya(2012) Miruka, MaureenThe presentation reviews two projects that focus on integrating gender considerations in agricultural research with specific research on gender interventions. Some approaches used are: Farmer Field Schools; Mother-Baby Trials; Primary & Secondary Participatory Agricultural Technology Evaluation (PPATEs, SPATEs) & Participatory Action Learning and Research (PLAR). Women face a number of disadvantages, such as limited mobility and access to productive resources. Women tend to lose income and control as a product moves from the farm to the market. Men take over when there is income to be generated from women’s productivity.Item Role of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) in the attainment of household food security in Kenya: A policy and organizational review(2012) Miruka, Maureen K; Okello, Julius J; Kirigua, Violet O; Murithi, Festus MThe Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) is a government organization mandated to conduct research into, among others, crop and livestock production and marketing. In 2009, it launched a new strategic plan for the period 2009–2014, together with its implementation framework. This strategic plan aims to position KARI as a facilitator of growth in the agricultural sector in order to enable an average growth rate of 7 % per year over the next 5 years, as stipulated in the Kenya Vision 2030 policy. This paper reviews KARI’s new strategic plan within the context of recent policy reforms at national, regional and global levels. It specifically examines the strategy in the context of Vision 2030, the Kenya Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS), the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP), and the Millennium Development Goals. The paper then discusses KARI’s newly adopted Agricultural Product Value Chain (APVC) approach, which is expected to position KARI strategically as a key player within the National Agricultural Research System (NARS). It also highlights progress in the implementation of the new strategic plan and APVC approach with specific emphasis on partnerships, markets and gender as key focus areas and the implications of these on food security in Kenya.Item Integrating improved goat breeds with new varieties of sweetpotatoes and cassava in the agro-pastoral systems of Tanzania : a gendered analysis(International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2012) Saghir, Petra; Njuki, Jemimah; Waithanji, Elizabeth; Kariuki, Juliet; Sikira, AnnaOwing to the fact that women have different knowledge, access to, and control over resources, and different opportunities to participate in decisions regarding resource use and management from men, the study focuses on gendered differences in livelihood strategies, identifying factors that preclude women from benefitting in livelihood projects and accessing livelihood resources. Qualitative data for the study was collected through gender disaggregated group discussions in two districts, Mvomero and Kongwa in Tanzania. Key to enhancing food security and alleviating poverty is integrated farming that includes small stock animals such as goats and root crops such as cassava and sweet potatoes.Item Using interview triads to understand the barriers to effective food security policy in Kenya: a case study application(2012) Brownhill, Leigh; Hickey, GordonThis paper presents the results of an exploratory study on food security policy in Kenya. Key informant interviews are used to provide a ‘multiperspective’ lens through which to garner insights into Kenya’s food security policy processes and emerging resilient farming system practices. Seeking to situate the policy-making process in its ‘real-life’ institutional context, we identified three interlinked institutions (at government, research and farm levels) and interviewed individuals within each who could speak authoritatively on food policy challenges. We concentrated on Wote, a semi-arid agro-pastoral area in Makueni County, Eastern Province. From different starting points, the interviewees came to agree on the biggest challenges to the development of effective food security policy in Kenya: information, research and education. The paper further reflects on the methodology and assesses its potential efficacy in the study of hunger and its solutions, especially in the realm of knowledge integration, the democratization of research and policy-making processes and the opening up of reciprocal communication pathways amongst institutional actors.Item Sahel agroforesterie, no. 16, janvier - juin 2012(Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en agroforesterie (GIRAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, CA, 2012) Bonneville, Jean; Lavoie, AndréanneItem Preface : challenges and opportunities for enhancing food security in Kenya(2012) Hickey, Gordon M; Pelletier, Bernard; Brownhill, Leigh; Kamau, Geoffrey M; Maina, Immaculate NAchieving sustainable food security in Sub- Saharan Africa is one of the main challenges facing African governments and the international community. The 2007– 2008 food crisis and ongoing chronic hunger problems clearly demonstrate that millions of people on the continent, including in relatively stable countries such as Kenya, are dangerously vulnerable to economic, political and climatic shocks that threaten food availability and accessibility. At the heart of the strategies to build resilience and tackle food insecurity is the need for effective institutional and policy frameworks that can support local innovations while taking into account the biophysical, social and economic constraints within which rural livelihoods operate. The papers included in this Special Issue of Food Security support the view that for food security initiatives in Kenya to be effective, they must embrace solutions that are equitable, generalizable and ecologically sound to ensure sustainability. Ultimately, to improve innovation and technology adoption, a systems approach that allows women and men, wealthy and poor farmers to engage with scientific and political elites in the design and implementation of food-related research and development initiatives must be embraced. There is also the need to develop tools and approaches that can assist smallholder farmers, researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders to share a better understanding of the multiple factors driving food insecurity and hindering the implementation of effective policies and institutions.