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Item Economic valuation of mangroves and the roles of local communities in the conservation of natural resources : case study of Surat Thani, South of Thailand(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1998) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Suthawan SathirathaiItem Environmental valuation : an entrance fee system for national parks in Thailand(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1998) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Isangkura, A.Item Forestry policy, non - timber forest products and the rural economy in the wet zone forests in Sri Lanka(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Bogahawatte, C.Item Indonesia's fires and haze : the cost of catastrophe(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1999) Glover, David; Jessup, TimothyItem Economy and environment : case studies in Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Glover, D.J.; Francisco, H.Item Econometric analysis of the causes of forest land use changes in Hainan, China(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) Yaoqi Zhang; Uusivuori, Jussi; Kuuluvainen, JariItem Policy options for Cambodia's Ream National Park : a stakeholder and economic analysis(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) de Lopez, T.T.Item Existence value : a re-appraisal and cross - cultural comparison(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) Manoka, BillyItem Forest management systems in the uplands of Vietnam : social, economic and environmental perspectives(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) Bien, Nguyen NghiaItem Trade policy and the welfare of Southeast - Asian timber exporters : some implications for forest resources(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) Arunanondchai, MayItem Economic analysis of coral reefs in the Andaman Sea of Thailand(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001-06) Seenprachawong, UdomsakThe focus of this study is the valuation of coral reefs and how this information can be used to improve planning for coral reef management in Thailand. Phi Phi Islands is rich in reef systems and envisioned as an eco-tourism destination by government planners. The analysis indicates that both local and national levels of government can justify larger annual budget allocations for managing coastal resources. The Economy and Environment Program for SE Asia (EEPSEA) supports research and training in environmental and resource economics to enhance local capacity for analysis of environmental problems and policies.Item On-site costs and benefits of soil conservation in the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001-10) Tran Dinh ThaoThe findings of the study highlighted a significant difference in crop yields between farming practices with and without soil conservation measures. Soil conservation technology of Tephrosia candida hedgerow yields a high net present value (NPV) and is a suitable technique for farmers to use. The study was conducted in the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam. Comparison of the maize yields between treatments with and without soil conservation practices showed that maize yields under treatments with contour hedgerow were significantly higher than those under the baseline (without soil conservation) treatment.Item Economics of soil erosion and the choice of land use systems by upland farmers in central Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001-12) Bui Dung TheItem Forest management systems in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001-12) Mai Van Nam; Nguyen Tan Nhan; Bui Van Trinh; Pham Le ThongItem Recreational value of the coral - surrounded Hon Mun Islands in Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001-12) Pham Khanh Nam; Tran Vo Hung SonHon Mun Islands contain the richest coral biodiversity in Vietnam. They are located approximately six km from a seaport which has been earmarked for expansion. This research employs the ‘travel cost’ and ‘contingent valuation’ methods to measure and analyse impacts on the recreational value of the islands. A 20% loss of the recreational value that is expected to ensue from the proposed port expansion is larger than the expanded port’s projected annual revenue of USD 3.1 million. Therefore, the port expansion proposal re-evaluation is critical.Item Economy and environment : case studies in Cambodia(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2002) McKenney, B.Item Ensuring "collective action" in "participatory" forest management(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2003) Ghate, Rucha; Gunatilake, Herath; Shyamsundar, PriyaThe Government of India appealed a new forest policy in 1988 which resulted in Joint Forest Management. This new policy allowed community groups to share part of the responsibility of forest management with the State. However, even before this, community-initiated and NGO-promoted “Collective Action– based” resource management had emerged sporadically throughout the country. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of three case studies, each belonging to one of three types of institutional structures: Self-initiated, NGO-promoted, and Government-sponsored JFM. The basic objectives of all three institutional structures is strengthening ecological security and meeting the subsistence biomass needs of the local people. Yet, they are different, each with its strength and weaknesses. Thus, this paper suggests several important points. First, lack of well-defined property rights over communally managed forests may adversely affect the long term sustainability of local institutions. Second, given the caste hierarchy in Indian villages, the State or another external agency may have to intervene to ensure fair distribution of community forestry benefits. Third, inter-community cooperation, in addition institutions within the village, is necessary in order to ensure sustainable utilization of forest resources. Finally, the paper argues that rather than oscillating between a simplistic either/or model of ‘state’ or ‘village community’, there is a need to conceive of more complex arrangements in which forest areas are protected for multiple objectives, under the joint management of multiple institutions.Item Demand for eco-tourism : estimating recreational benefits from the Margalla Hills National Park in Northern Pakistan(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2004) Khan, Himayatullah; Gunatilake, Herath; Shyamsundar, PriyaThis study, which is among the first in Pakistan to value recreational benefits, estimates the benefits of establishing and managing the Margalla Hills National Park near Islamabad. The study examines how much park visitors are willing to pay to visit and enjoy the park. Annual benefits from the Park are considerable-the total annual consumer surplus or economic benefit obtained from recreation in the Park is approximately Rs. 23 million (US$ 0.4 million). Various factors influence the value visitors obtain from the park - these include travel cost, household income, and the quality of the park. Improvements in the quality of the park are likely to increase recreational benefits by a significant 39%. The study recommends that a Park entrance fee of Rs. 20 per person be introduced, which could be utilized for park management. This would generate nearly Rs. 11 million in revenues annually, a sizable amount of money that represents about 4% of the annual budget allocated to the Environment Sector in Pakistan.Item Distribution of benefits and costs among stakeholders of a protected area : an empirical study from China(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2004) Yazhen GongThis report provides information on the impact of a new conservation regime in the Fanjingshan National Reserve (FNNR) in Guizhou Province, China. It calculates the economic and social effects that this regime will have on the livelihoods of people living inside the reserve. It shows that, if local people are not compensated for lost incomes, the new plans will increase conflict between locals and the reserve management. To find a way to pay compensation, the study investigated whether people living in the province around the reserve would be willing to pay for conservation in the FNNR through an eco-tax. These people benefit from conservation in the reserve, but at present pay nothing towards it. The report finds that they would be willing to pay and that the amount that could be collected would more than cover of compensating those affected inside the protected area.Item Implementation and financing of solid waste management in the Philippines(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2005) Sumalde, Zenaida M.This report looks at the implementation and financing of solid waste management in the Philippines. It assesses how much it costs forty-one local government units (LGUs) around the country to provide solid waste management services. It also looks at how much revenue these LGUs, and other private waste contractors and operatives, get from supplying these services. The research was carried out in response to a growing solid waste management crisis in the Philippines and legislation that requires LGUs to change their practices. Its main aim was to get information to help LGUs properly finance and implement the government’s latest waste management policies and law. The report finds that there is generally a substantial “fiscal gap” between the amount of money needed for waste management and the amount of revenue obtained by LGUs from providing waste management services. However, when the total economic benefits of providing these services were considered (these included the revenues obtained by LGUs, earnings made by other parties and savings from avoided landfill costs), it was found that some LGUs enjoyed positive net benefits. If LGUs could exploit as many potential revenue streams as possible, they could narrow their SWM fiscal gap or even go ‘into the black’. The study highlights a number of possible strategies that could be used to improve the financing of solid waste management. These included finding alternatives to expensive private contractors and looking into recycling as a revenue-generating activity.