Research Results (CLARE) / Résultats de recherches (CLARE)

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    Adaptation pathways to inform policy and practice in the context of development
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2023-01-03) Sparkes, Edward; Totin, Edmond; Werners, Saskia E.; Wise, Russell M.; Butler, James R.A.; Vincent, Katharine
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    Resolving land tenure security is essential to deliver forest restoration
    (Springer Nature, 2023-05-23) Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy; Rakotoarisoa, Mirindra; Rajaonarivelo, H. Manoa; Raharijaona, Stefana; Jones, Julia P. G.; Hockley , Neal
    Tropical countries are making ambitious commitments to Forest Landscape Restoration with the aim of locking up carbon, conserving biodiversity and benefiting local livelihoods. However, global and national analyses of restoration potential frequently ignore socio-legal complexities which impact both the effectiveness and equitability of restoration. We show that areas with the highest restoration potential are disproportionately found in countries with weak rule of law and frequently in those with substantial areas of unrecognized land tenure. Focusing on Madagascar, at least 67% of the areas with highest restoration potential must be on untitled land, where tenure is often unclear or contested, and we show how unresolved tenure issues are one of the most important limitations on forest restoration. This is likely to be a bigger problem than currently recognized and without important efforts to resolve local tenure issues, opportunities to equitably scale up forest restoration globally are likely to be significantly over-estimated.
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    Elevated fires during COVID-19 lockdown and the vulnerability of protected areas
    (Nature, 2022-05-05) Eklund, Johanna; Jones, Julia P. G.; Räsänen, Matti; Geldmann, Jonas; Jokinen, Ari-Pekka
    There is little robust, quantitative information on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the extinction crisis. Focusing on Madagascar, one of the world’s most threatened biodiversity hotspots, we explore whether the cessation of on-site protected-area management activities due to the pandemic were associated with increased burning inside protected areas. We identify monthly excess fire anomalies by comparing observed fires with those predicted on the basis of historical and contemporary fire and weather data for all of Madagascar’s protected areas for every month 2012–2020. Through to 2019, excess fire anomalies in protected areas were few, short in duration and, in some years, coincident with social disruption linked to national elections. By contrast, in 2020, COVID-19 meant on-site management of Madagascar’s protected areas was suspended from March to July. This period was associated with 76–248% more fires than predicted, after which burning returned to normal. At a time when international biodiversity conservation faces unprecedented challenges, our results highlight the importance of on-site management for maintaining protected-area integrity.
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    Uptake of climate change adaptation research results in South Asia
    (2022-05-08) Rahman, Munsur; Haque, Anisul; Salehin, Mashfiqus; Rahman, Rezaur; Murshed, Sonia Binte; Nowreen, Sara
    Climate Resilience and National Resilience programs focus on formulating the Bangladesh National Adaptation Plan (NAP) for long-term adaptation investments and enhancing the national capacity to integrate climate change adaptation (CCA) in planning, budgeting, and financial tracking process. However, these programs and projects need a system-level quantitative tool to assess the requirement for adaptations at different scales and consequently decide on adaptation financing for these programs and projects. The current project is built on the earlier findings of the DECCMA project to address the above issues, with the target to add the necessary refinement through incorporating the equity, accessibility, adequacy, and gender dimensions to be useful at different scales of adaptation for climate change. The Dynamic Adaptation Model (DAM) is a product that has been developed gradually. It can be applied at different scales that can support the different communities and sectorial agencies/departments to guide local and national planning to adaptations while prioritizing in selecting appropriate options in different programs and projects to ensure the efficient use of available resources. DAM is developed based on strong mathematical formulation supported by field evidence. The model is calibrated and validated using field data to quantify the present-day adaptation need and now is being tested for some of the proposed adaptations in the NAP processes to assess its usefulness at the national level. Moreover, it is the home-grown model; therefore, the required customized version for different communities and agencies is possible through updates in the future with its extension for new areal coverage in collaboration with the developers and the alignment of the recent national initiatives. These are the ongoing processes essential to make it worthwhile for the mainstream national adaptation plan that needs further work.
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    Climate resilient development pathways in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region
    (2022-03) Werners, Saskia E.; Shrestha Pradhan, Neera; Shrestha, Suzeena; Syed, Abu; Chowdhury, Sidratun; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Chakravarty, Smita; Jamal, Faiza; Bharti, Neha; Malhotra, Saumya; Biemans, Hester; Gulpen, Marijn; Ahmed, Bashir; Ahmed, Shakil; Khalid Jamil, Muhammad; Abaas, Akhtar; Lamichhane, Nabina; Sparkes, Edward
    Communities throughout the world face substantial challenges in the face of climate change. This is of particular concern in climate change hotspots, especially where extreme climate effects coincide with large numbers of vulnerable and poor people. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is one such climate change hotspot. For development to be sustainable in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, interventions need to include choices and actions that improve livelihoods and alleviate poverty, counteract climate change, are inclusive for the most vulnerable and resilient over time. Climate resilient development pathways present an option to bring together these goals, by consolidating climate action and development choices to generate pathways towards sustainable development.