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Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 7, no. 1, June 2014(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-06) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Kale Ewusi, Samuel; Friedman, StevenBroad trends are identified in discussion of the African Peer Review mechanism: weak states which are unable to give substance to democratic governance, and resistance by governing elites to concede full democratic rights. Leaders have not only failed to promote good governance, they have also neglected to establish structures and institutions to consolidate democratic governance, in some cases actively perverting the principles of liberal democracy. Other contributions to this edition flesh out the diagnosis. Whether in Africa or elsewhere, building democracy is a never-ending struggle against power relations that restrict democracy’s reach.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 3, December 2013(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-12) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Karbo, Tony; Okumu, WafulaSolutions to inequalities in society lie in mitigating structural inequalities. Many incumbent governments are able to manipulate constitutions with the goal of keeping political leaders and their cronies in power for extended periods of time. Executive branches of governments have thus been created so powerful that other branches essentially exist in name only, voiding any chance of a functioning system with a separation of powers. This edition looks at popular struggles for democracy, dominant parties, the process of democratization in Africa, child soldiers and irregular warfare, peacebuilding amid violence, and the relationships among violence and inequality and government failure.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 1, June 2013(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-06) Karbo, TonyFor many women, violence is the daily condition of their lives, during wartime and peacetime, hence definitions of security need to consider the gendered realities of (in)security. In contemporary Africa, the greater political participation of women during conflict has not translated into sustained engagement of women in post-conflict settings. At the termination of wartime conditions, women become relegated to their traditional roles. This role reversal brings with it a disintegration of social and economic networks that once had been instruments of survival. Tokenism through numbers and quotas is not a panacea to the persistence of long-standing gender inequalities in peace and security processesItem Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 5, no. 2, December 2012(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2012-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Yarwood, JanetteThis edition looks at governance from different perspectives: identity and nationalist movements in Cameroon; the ‘hegemonic presidency’ in Liberia and the challenges to rebuilding a shattered state; forthcoming general elections in Kenya and the need to avoid a repeat of the 2007 postelection violence; the conduct of elections and use of new approaches to deepen their integrity across the continent; and applying theoretical explanations to the protracted conflicts in Somalia. All of these point to one thing—governance. How can African governance systems improve so that they become truly democratic and responsive to the modern challenges of state building?Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 5, no. 1, June 2012(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2012-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Matlosa, KhabeleThe interface between democracy and development remains a heated subject in the policy and academic discourses in Africa. Where nation building has taken place via the expediency and capital of developmentalism, issues of democratic governance have not been seriously entertained; worse still, in some countries the leadership essentially banned popular political participation or introduced autocratic regimes, including one-party systems, on the grounds that multiparty politics was divisive. For economic progress to be registered and human development to bear fruit in Africa, it is imperative to bring about political stability and political integration at the regional level.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 4, no. 2, December 2011(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2011-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Ngoma, NaisonDemands upon peacebuilding related to the following topics are explored: where faith-based organizations have played a prominent role in such countries as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Liberia; considering the right of return of refugees in the Liberian context; endemic intra-state conflicts in Africa and some conditions which inch towards resolutions; the global war on women in the case of conflict, and in post-conflict societies such as South Africa, which leads the world in rape, child rape, and violence; the technology of mobile phones and the internet which has changed political landscapes.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 4, no. 1, June 2011(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2011-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Ngabirano, MaximianoTwo sets of standards are often applied to Africa: in one, the international community takes decisive action when there is sufficient geo-political interest in a state, and in the other, the international community remains on the sideline as belligerents; typically, sub-Saharans fight on without intervention until a clear winner emerges. In North Africa the ‘Arab Spring’ emerged from confrontations between citizens demanding new and better governance and positive changes in their lives and those benefiting from the status quo. The articles in this edition address governance or gender and sometimes both. They touch on pertinent aspects of governance and security that affect not only Africa, but the international community as well.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 3, no. 2, December 2010(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2010-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Nelson, CatherineIn the wake of violence, many questions remain concerning what can be done to build peace: What are the dynamics of conflict in a given African context? Why are youths at the forefront of violence in countries across the continent? What measures should or can be taken to mitigate violence? Although simmering conflicts haunt African policy makers and academics alike, there are sometimes glimmers of hope, along with moments of regression. Contributors to this edition look at various issues involving violence and security and how local communities have bypassed the state in seeking solutions on their own.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 3, no. 1, June 2010(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2010-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Nelson, CatherineConflicts funded by lootable natural resources complicate the political economy of war, and transitions to peace. Globalization has provided an outlet for the sale of illicitly obtained local resources by state and non-state actors. These same global outlets in turn supply military groups with weapons. The absence of functional institutions in conflict areas, and systems of governance without prospects for furthering economic development have allowed the formation of war economies marked by violent appropriation of local resources. Academic thought on peacebuilding and development needs the kind of critical analysis offered in this issue.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 2, no. 2, December 2009(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2009-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Allen Nan, SusanIn conflict systems, lasting social change depends on a host of dynamics. No one approach by itself holds the solution to protracted conflict: education and youth programs are only possible where human security supports physical survival; forgiveness and reconciliation cannot be divorced from reasonably open economic opportunity for all. Peacebuilding takes more than a village; it takes a village and a court and a school and an arts program and many more multifaceted components for building relationships, structures, and processes of peace. This issue highlights contributions by grants beneficiaries from Peace Research Capacity Building in Africa.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 2, no. 1, June 2009(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2009-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Murithi, TimLiberal peace theories prescribe electoral democracy and the free market as panaceas for all postconflict states, irrespective of a society’s ability to cope with the inherent competitiveness of ‘democracy’ and the markets. Current approaches to state building of universalized and ‘best practice’ approaches, not only restore superficial states, they also extend the colonial project of undermining organic processes of state formation and state building. Indigenization stands as a complement to the liberal peace approach. Challenges to traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in Chad, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Uganda are examined at various stages and levels of intervention.Item Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 2, September 2013(University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-09) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Karbo, TonyA range of topics include: the institutionalization of parliament in Mozambique; power-sharing agreements after disputed elections; deserters in the aftermath of the Zimbabwe crisis; internal displacement in Kenya resulting from post-election violence; cult religion in the northern Uganda conflict; transformational aspects of conflict; relations between Sudan and South Sudan regarding Abyei; women’s participation in local government in Anglophone Cameroon with respect to gender relations in the household.Item Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan(Oxford University Press, 2014) Jackson, Jonathan; Asif, Muhammad; Bradford, Ben; Zakria Zakar, MuhammadPolice legitimacy is an important topic of criminological research, yet it has received only sporadic study in societies where there is widespread police corruption, where the position of the police is less secure, and where social order is more tenuous. Analysing data from a probability sample survey of adults in Lahore, Pakistan, we examine the empirical links between people’s experience of police corruption, their perceptions of the fairness and effectiveness of the police, and their beliefs about the legitimacy of the police. Our findings suggest that in a context in which minimal effectiveness and integrity is yet to be established, police legitimacy may rest not just on the procedural fairness of officers, but also on their demonstrated ability to control crime and avoid corruption.Item Determinants of population growth and food security in Pakistan(2014-07) Mustafa, AmirThe article traces population growth in Pakistan in terms of food security, factoring in food production relative to projected increases in population, along with reasons why strategies for population control are often ineffective.Item Access to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and quinine in malaria holoendemic regions of western Kenya(BioMed Central, 2014) Watsierah, Carren A.; Ouma, CollinsFindings from this research show a low availability of subsidized Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the form of artemether-lumefantrine (AL). There is higher frequency of stock-outs in government facilities, while the private sector sells AL at higher prices, thus making it less affordable. In addition, frequent stock-outs of the required antimalarials for different weight groups calls for more emphasis on the implementation of malaria treatment policy. Evaluation of the subsidy policy, its implementation and role in malaria burden is necessary. ACT has been adopted following widespread malarial parasite resistance to more affordable antimalarial drugs.Item Analyse du Programme National de Santé des Personnes Âgées (PNSPA) 2008-2012 du Burkina Faso(2013) Berthe-Sanou, Lalla; Berthe, Abdramane; Drabo, Maxime; Badini-Kinda, Fatoumata; Some, Mathias; Ouedraogo, Dieudonne; Macq, JeanIntroduction : du fait du vieillissement de leur population, de façon spontanée et/ou sous l’incitation internationale, la plupart des États en Afrique subsaharienne commence à concevoir des plans d’actions sectoriels ou multisectoriels en faveur des Personnes Âgées (PA). Ces plans sont-ils pertinents, cohérents et permettent-ils d’améliorer la santé des PA ? Cette étude a été réalisée pour apprécier la pertinence, la cohérence et la mise en oeuvre du Programme National de Santé des Personnes Âgées (PNSPA) 2008-2012 du Burkina Faso. Méthodes : cette analyse qualitative s’est déroulée à Ouagadougou en novembre-décembre 2011 auprès de 47 personnes dont 27 PA et 20 personnes chargées de la conception et/ou la mise en oeuvre du PNSPA. Ces enquêtés ont été sélectionnés de façon raisonnée et interviewés à travers des entretiens individuels. Nous avons procédé à une analyse de contenu. Résultats : le PNSPA était pertinent dans le contexte burkinabè. Il prenait en compte les besoins de santé des PA du Burkina Faso ainsi que la disponibilité des ressources au niveau des centres de santé. Il a présenté quelques problèmes de cohérence. Il a été très peu mis en oeuvre à cause d’un manque de soutien politique et d’une insuffisance des ressources financières. Discussion : le PNSPA du Burkina Faso a rencontré plus de difficultés que les plans du Sénégal et du Mali qui ont aussi été faiblement mis en oeuvre. Cette situation confirme qu’effectivement, en Afrique subsaharienne, les personnes âgées constituent une population vulnérable prioritaire mais négligée par l’ensemble des acteurs à des degrés différents.Item Capacity development for health research in Africa : experiences managing the African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship Program(BioMed Central, 2010) Kabiru, Caroline W.; Izugbara, Chimaraoke O.; Wambugu, Susan W.; Ezeh, Alex C.Africa's progress depends on her capacity to generate, adapt, and use scientific knowledge to meet regional health and development needs. Yet, Africa's higher education institutions that are mandated to foster this capacity lack adequate resources to generate and apply knowledge, raising the need for innovative approaches to enhance research capacity. In this paper, we describe a newly-developed program to support PhD research in health and population sciences at African universities, the African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship (ADDRF) Program. We also share our experiences implementing the program. As health research capacity-strengthening in Africa continues to attract attention and as the need for such programs to be African-led is emphasized, our experiences in developing and implementing the ADDRF offer invaluable lessons to other institutions undertaking similar initiatives.