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Item Innovative financing : potential for FCTC implementation(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-02) South CentreOnly very slow progress is being made in other Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) interventions, such as alternative livelihoods for tobacco farmers, product regulation, education and curbing illicit trade in tobacco products. Under the auspices of “Corporate Social Responsibility” transnational tobacco companies contribute more than four times the budget of the FCTC for development assistance for tobacco control globally. New financial mechanisms for tobacco control are explored.Item Financial mechanisms and mechanisms of assistance(2013)Global tobacco control is underfunded compared with other leading causes of death. Cost effective interventions in tobacco control have to take into account impact costs, including alternative livelihoods for tobacco growers and workers, legal costs to defend against tobacco industry interference, and lawsuits against tobacco industry. This report presents a cost benefit analysis and extrapolation on current information regarding funding gaps and resources towards implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) agreement. Pro-poor innovative financing could include a global tax component which could ameliorate the shortfall for low and middle-income countries (LICs).Item Financial implications of emerging challenges for the implementation of the FCTC - Governance of Tobacco in the 21stCentury, Harvard University, 26-27 February 2013(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-02) Velásquez, GermánMore than 3,000 Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) have been signed worldwide granting legal protection to foreign investors. Thus, are tribunals under BITs or the dispute settlement body of World Trade Organization the appropriate fora to solve disputes on tobacco control measures of the World Health Organization – Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation? Is it time to re-think conventions and adopt instead a new kind of international dispute-settlement body for health related issues?Item Innovative financing for development : opportunities for tobacco control(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-10) South CentreSome innovative financing mechanisms are at the proposal stage with many countries participating in the debate. One of the most active groups in this form of discussion is the Leading Group—a group of 64 nations, 18 international organizations, and 20 NGOs—which focuses on setting up innovative development financing mechanisms. The objective of this Analytical Note is to assist developing countries in deliberations on resource mobilization for Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation, and provide an overview of how innovative financing mechanisms are being explored in different sectors, with opportunities for exploring innovative financing mechanisms for tobacco control.Item Resource mobilization for FCTC implementation(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-10) South CentreInsufficiency of financial resources for tobacco control at the country level is one of the most frequently reported constraints mentioned by Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) parties, along with tobacco industry interference and weak intersectoral coordination. In line with “polluter pays” principles and the spirit of making tobacco industry accountable as enshrined in Article 19 of the FCTC, along with the advent of new technologies and private sector involvement, new tools and opportunities to collect and disburse funds can evolve. The Conference of States Parties (COP) could create space to discuss further innovative financing for tobacco control.Item Tratados comerciales y de inversión : obstáculos para las medidas nacionales de salud pública y de control del tabaco(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2012-11) Correa, Carlos; Syam, Nirmalya; Velásquez, GermánItem Accords commerciaux et d'investissement : des obstacles aux mesures nationales de santé publique et de lutte contre le tabagisme(Centre Sud, Genève, CH, 2012-11) Correa, Carlos; Syam, Nirmalya; Velásquez, GermánItem Trade and investment agreements : barriers to national public health and tobacco control measures(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2012-11) Correa, Carlos; Syam, Nirmalya; Velásquez, GermánRecent litigation by Philip Morris points to the need to exercise caution whilst negotiating new Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) to ensure that no substantive provisions run counter to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In this context, questions also arise whether investment dispute settlement tribunals under BITs or the dispute settlement body of the WTO are the appropriate fora to adjudicate on disputes pertaining to tobacco control measures that are in accordance with the provisions of the WHO FCTC. Disputes relating to Australia and Uruguay raise significant concerns for implementing measures supportive of public health considerations.Item Financing mechanisms for treaty implementation : draft working document(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013) South CentreFramework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) involves supporting implementation of the treaty at both the country and global level. However, there is a growing funding gap for support of strategies for financing treaty implementation. Organizations like Corporate Accountability International have enumerated some tobacco industry litigation tactics but there is currently no information on the total costs of countering these tactics. Additional strategies could comprise instigating a global fund, as well as calling on developed parties to include support to FCTC implementation as an eligible area of bilateral assistance programmes.Item Financial resources for implementation of tobacco control measures : potential of innovative financing(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-12) Munoz, Viviana; Sy, Deborah K.; Syam, Nirmalya; Velasquez, German; Yu, VicenteMobilization of financial resources for implementation of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is at the core of measures necessary for implementation of the FCTC. This research analyzes funding gaps at domestic and global levels, opportunities for global cooperation, and develops options for innovative financing mechanisms to support FCTC in developing countries while augmenting resources for treaty financing. Ideal financing mechanisms should be tax based, preferably on tobacco, must not substitute official development assistance (ODA), and consider legal issues. Even if only a handful of countries participate, these mechanisms can raise significant amounts with minimal contributions.Item Expanding fiscal policies for global and national tobacco control : final technical report(South Centre, Geneva, CH, 2013-12) Syam, Nirmalya; Velasquez, GermanThere is interest in innovative means to charge tobacco companies for the unusual burdens it causes both society and governments. The study points out funding gaps at both country and global levels and the common challenge of insufficiency of data to accurately measure funding needs. Through innovative financing mechanisms like the Global Fund and UNITAID, the international community has already participated in contributing to global public goods to fight infectious diseases. There is a clear opportunity to integrate such experiences in tobacco control. A Solidarity Tax Levy (STL) and Tax on Repatriated Tobacco Profits (TRTP) may qualify as effective mechanisms.Item Increasing funding for FCTC implementation : a review of innovative financing mechanisms(South Centre, 2012-10) South CentreThe purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussion relating to the potentials of financing for the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation at both local and international levels. This review includes most recently discussed innovative financing mechanisms primarily in the field of health and environment but excluding market-based mechanisms like the Emissions Trading System.