Networked Economies / Économies en réseaux

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2019 Kirindon literacy study : using ABRACADABRA and READS
(2021) Lysenko, Larysa; Abrami, Phil; Wade, Anne; Del Col, Nancy; Waichinga, Anne; Kedoki, Julius; WaGioko, Maina; Kiforo, Enos; Iminza, Rose
Two grade-one English teachers and their students from two World Vision schools in Kirindon (a remote region of Narok County, Kenya) participated in this study; one teacher used ABRA-READS as part of her English Language instruction (40 students) and one control teacher (40 students) did not use the tools. Analysis of findings show that after exposure to the ABRA and READS instruction, the students improved their scores at a higher rate than their peers from the control class. ABRA/READS students showed significantly larger improvements in Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Total Grade. The software helped learners become active learners and to reason faster.
Accent translation : improving online learning experience in Africa
(2021) Afonja, Tejumade; Okubadejo, Olumide; Nwadike, Munachiso; Mbataku, Clinton; Francis, Lawrence
The goal is to make online educational content accessible through the reformulation of content in local accents. This brief presentation provides an overview of the structure of the project and provides a timeline for development of datasets.
Acceso abierto y rea en América Latina : un estudio sobre el panorama de las políticas en Chile, Colombia y Uruguay
(2018-06) Toledo, Amalia
Activity theory approach toward teacher professional development at scale (TPD@Scale) : a case study of a teacher learning center in Indonesia
(Springer, 2020-11-19) Lim, Cher Ping; Juliana; Liang, Min
Continuous teacher professional development (TPD) ensures that teachers have the capacity to continually plan and implement quality teaching and learning that supports students in achieving their expected program/course learning outcomes. However, teachers’ access to quality TPD is a challenge due to geographical limitations, gender, special needs, marginalized communities, and the government’s policies, or lack of policies, regarding teachers. There are tensions between quality and equity, and cost implications that may hinder the scaling up of quality TPD programs. This paper adopts an activity theory approach to examine how a teacher learning center (TLC) in a regency of Indonesia enhances teachers’ access to quality TPD. The findings reveal that teachers learn in the TLC through different TPD activities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are found to mediate the professional learning activities, learning resources, learning support, and assessments in the TLC. Furthermore, three key stakeholders—the local government, teacher working groups, and school principals—play significant roles in supporting teachers’ professional learning in the TLC.
Adoption and impact of OEP and OER in the Global South : theoretical, conceptual & methodological framework for the ROER4D project meta-synthesis
(2018-03) Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
While still respecting the integrity of individual reports, the meta-synthesis framework serves to integrate themes and insights gained from individual qualitative research into a higher order synthesis. Because educational challenges emerge in various regions, institutions, and departments by educators and students, research studies need to draw on a wide variety of conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Challenges serve as benchmarks for judging the impact of the take-up/adoption of open educational practices and resources, and need to be identified up-front. The meta-synthesis approach can promote broader understanding of the entire body of Research in Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D).
Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South
(African Minds, University of Cape Town, 2017-12) Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl; Arinto, Patricia
The Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) project builds on the body of research regarding Open Educational Resources (OER), to improve access, enhance quality, and reduce the cost of education in the Global South. This volume examines aspects of educator and student adoption of OER and engagement in open educational practices (OEP) in secondary and tertiary education as well as teacher professional development in 21 countries in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. The ROER4D syntheses presented here aim to help inform open education advocacy, policy, practice, and research in developing countries.
Adoption and impact of OER in the global south : chapter summaries
(2018) Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
The project was comprised of 18 sub-projects, the findings from which are captured as chapters in the edited volume “Adoption and Impact of OER in the Global South.” The summaries presented here provide an overview of chapters’ study contexts, methodological approaches, key findings and recommendations, as well as links to related open datasets. A link is also provided to the volume [http://roer4d.org/edited-volume].
Africa data revolution report - getting started : reviewer's guide - v1.0 30th April 2018
(World Wide Web Foundation, 2019-04) Iglesias, Carlos
The main task of the Open Data Barometer (ODB) reviewer is to verify all the information submitted by the researcher and to assess whether, among other stipulations, the information provided is appropriate, complete and relevant for the time period under study. The researcher will be asked to respond to review comments and to update the answers, justifications and sources where required. This document provides access to links and instructions about the review process.
Africa data revolution report 2016 : highlighting developments in African data ecosystems
(2016) van Belle, Jean-Paul; Nzayisenga, Canisius; Akanbi, Olusegun; Selassie, Solomon; Mdadila, Kenneth
This first edition of the biennial Africa Data Revolution Report aims to address issues in transforming data ecosystems. It maps the current system in terms of purpose, actors, principles and protocols; legal, legislative and policy frameworks; technological infrastructure, tools and platforms; and dynamic interactions between purposes, technologies and systems. Official statistics (what and who gets counted) can be and have been used as tools for social, economic and political exclusion and segregation in Africa, especially under colonial and apartheid rule. The report makes recommendations regarding what actions African countries can take to maximize the positive, and mitigate potentially negative impacts of the data revolution.
Africa data revolution report 2018 : the status and emerging impact of open data in Africa
(2018-11) Van Belle, Jean-Paul; Lämmerhirt, Danny; Iglesias, Carlos; Mungai, Paul; Nuhu, Hubeidatu; Hlabano, Mbongeni
Open data readiness in government appears to be fairly low and not institutionalized. Strong regional champions are needed to demonstrate the benefits and impacts of an enduring, committed, well-resourced open data initiative. In spite of this, opening up election data has had immeasurable positive impacts on the transparency and acceptance of key elections in three of the six country cases: Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Kenya. Given the humanitarian cost of violent elections, even a few open election events justifies Open Government Data (OGD) in Africa. This detailed report begins an account of open data initiatives in African countries.
Africa digital policy project : 2020 technical report
(2020-04) Gillwald, Alison; Calandro, Enrico; Chair, Chenai; Comninos, Alex; Govan-Vassen, Naila; Mothobi, Onkokame; Razzano, Gabriella; Spuy, Anri van der
Although more people are connected to the Internet, digital inequality in the global South has become amplified. This report highlights work of the African Digital Policy Project (ADPP). ADPP research promotes better understanding of the implications of Africans’ inclusion in the evolving information society. The ADPP’s theory of change encompasses broadening of digital policy horizons and capacities as a prerequisite to broadening digital policy regimes. This requires shifting from technologically deterministic policy approaches to a more critical, rights-based understanding of the role of the Internet and other digital technologies in African economies and societies.
Age for learning, age for teaching : the role of intergenerational, intra-household learning in Internet use by older adults in Latin America
(Informa UK Limited, 2017) Barrantes Cáceres, Roxana; Cozzubo Chaparro, Angelo
As the global population of older adults grows, the Internet emerges as a tool for social inclusion as well as a means of improving various aspects of quality of life. This paper focuses on the role of younger people in the process of Internet adoption by older adults. Regression analysis confirms that younger people living in a household play a pivotal role in the adoption process, but not in intensity of use. Results show three significant factors: presence of a spouse, perception of the Internet as a waste of time, and perception of the Internet as a need.
Agency and volition : a social realist perspective on select findings from the ROER4D project
(2018-06) Cox, Glenda; Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
As a way to synthesize 17 autonomous subprojects within the Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) network, the “meta-synthesis” approach is outlined in this presentation. It highlights one step in the Open Education Cycle and how Archer’s social realism can be used to provide deeper understanding, in particular how structure influences agency: “under what conditions (structural and cultural) individual’s or institutional decision making result in change or constancy in Open Educational Practice (OEP) is associated with Open Educational Resources (OER) adoption?”
AI4D - African language dataset challenge
(2020-07-23) Siminyu, Kathleen; Freshia, Sackey; Abbott, Jade; Marivate, Vukosi; Quinn, John; Stoyanov, Veselin
This work details the organisation of the AI4D - African Language Dataset Challenge, an effort to incentivize the creation, organization and discovery of African language datasets through a competitive challenge. As language and speech technologies become more advanced, the lack of fundamental digital resources for African languages (such as data, spell checkers and Part of Speech taggers) adds to the digital divide. Zindi, an African data science competition platform, hosted the AI4D - African Language Dataset Challenge in a bid to leverage the Zindi user base of 12,000 individuals.
Analysis of accountability concepts for open development
(2018-01) Bentley, Caitlin
The distinct and innovative characteristics of open processes render some concepts of accountability inadequate. This article compares three purposes and perspectives on accountability for their relevance to open development in order to suggest future areas of research and theoretical development. Much of the discourse on accountability in open development has focused on making use of new technology to hold development actors, such as governments, to account. Overall, accountability concepts are highly relevant for reducing ambiguities between what open development is, and what it is for. This paper addresses some gaps in the literature on accountability.
Anexos del informe técncio final (Consolidado)
(2019) Barrantes, Roxana; Aguero, Aileen; Silva, Sarita
Annex 14 : bulk data : policy implications (draft)
(2018-03) Samarajiva, Rohan; Perera-Gomez, Thavisha
The term “bulk surveillance” is used to describe the collection and analysis of behavioral big data relevant to maintenance of law and order, broadly defined. Avoidance of detection by law breakers may be perceived as easier in virtual space when agents of the law are at a technological disadvantage. The focus of this paper is on the subset of big data known as transaction-generated data (also described as “data exhaust”) arising from the day-to-day behaviors of persons and the technological devices closely associated with them. What should the principles be with regard to bulk surveillance and uses of personal data?
Annex 15 : analyzing Facebook data to understand regional connectivity
(2018-03) Wijeratne, Yudhanjaya; Samarajiva, Rohan; Lokanathan, Sriganesh; Surendra, Aparna; Fernando, Lasantha
Social network connectivity between nations potentially serves as a way of exploring networks of international communities, human movement and economic activity. This connectivity often appears to transcend governmental and political barriers (such as between India and Pakistan, for example). Initial exploratory analysis reveals that social network data does strongly correlate to trade and migration between countries, but not to the distance between countries. Some prospective challenges are also outlined for this study.
Annex 16 : automated traffic monitoring for complex road conditions
(2018-03) Opatha, R. K; Peiris, Akila; Gamini, D. D. A.; Edirisuriya, Ananda; Athuraliya, C. D.; Jayasooriya, Isuru
Recent advancements in computer vision and machine learning techniques have made traffic monitoring systems highly effective in well structured traffic conditions such as highways. But these systems struggle in handling complex and irregular conditions that exist in developing countries, due to lack of infrastructure and regulation. This research breaks down the problem into different sub-tasks such as vehicle detection, vehicle tracking, and vehicle recognition, then combines each process into one pipeline that can be used for traffic monitoring. Implementing the final pipeline involves improving and aggregating existing techniques. Results demonstrate the potential of these techniques for automated traffic monitoring.
Annex 17 : deep semantic segmentation for built-up area extraction and mapping from satellite imagery
(2018-03) Athuraliya, C. D.; Ramasinghe, Sameera; Lokanathan, Sriganesh
Research focuses on generating more usable built-up area maps, as traditional methods (such as surveys and census) are infrequent and costly. The work proposes a modified Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) architecture that will improve semantic segmentation operation on satellite imagery for built-up area extraction and urban mapping. This method could bridge the gap between existing extraction techniques and actual land cover/built-up area maps used by practitioners. Applications are potentially to socio-economic classification and urban planning, where building density functions as a proxy measure for socio-economic level, and building distribution for urban area estimates and growth, respectively.

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