Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) / Technologies de l’information et de la communication
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Item Accès sécurisé des femmes au foncier dans la communauté rurale de Mbane : une condition à la sécurité alimentaire(Groupe d'Études et de Recherches Genre et Sociétés (GESTES), Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, SN , 2013-05)La famine continue d’être un fléau au niveau mondial. Si certains pays sont parvenus à y faire face, d’autres, surtout dans le Sud, continuent d’en souffrir. Le Sénégal fait partie de ce lot. Parallèlement de plus en plus des recherches montrent que la famine qui découle de l’insécurité alimentaire résulte de la marginalisation de certaines catégories sociales dans l’accès aux moyens de production. Tel est le cas pour les femmes dans la communauté rurale de Mbane. Ce document présente des données qui confortent cette hypothèse et propose des solutions pour un accès sécurisé des femmes au foncier dans la communauté rurale, piste d’une sécurité alimentaire. La réalité décrite dans cette communauté rurale peut aussi s’appliquer à l’ensemble du Sénégal, à quelques exceptions près.Item Access and use of forestry resources for food security enhancement as climate change adaptation strategy : case of Liwonde-Mangochi protected area complex, Southern Malawi(2013) Mphepo, Gibson; Mathews, Tsirizeni; Stella, Gama; Nyuma, Mughogho; Chiotha, Sosten; Clifford, MkanthamaThe study makes six recommendations focusing on tree planting, governance and building resilience against climate change, including promoting high value forest based enterprises such as beekeeping and mushroom cultivation. The study examines the extent to which communities in the study area (Malawi, in the Liwonde-Mangochi Protected Area Complex) access forest resources; the role of the forest resources in people’s livelihood and food security; threats to forestry resources; and local level strategies capable of managing forest resources sustainably. In most households (83.7%), adult females are responsible for collecting fuel wood, literally carrying the burden of climate change challenges.Item AfricaAdapt : final technical report, 2010-2013 (phase II)(ENDA Energie-Environnement-Développement, Dakar, SN, 2013-04) Diouf, AliouThis report guides readers through various documents compiled in the annexes to this report, pointing to lessons learned over three years. AfricaAdapt is positioned as one of the largest networks of knowledge sharing on the continent, with the understanding that adaptation takes place at a local level, often by most vulnerable populations. AfricaAdapt facilitates flows of information about climate change adaptation and aims to increase visibility and inclusion of African adaptation knowledge at all levels in regional and international processes and knowledge sharing initiatives. The report delineates outputs and outcomes of programming and looks forward to future innovation.Item Contre l'accaparement des terres : les SIG-P comme outil de contrôle citoyen dans la dynamique villes-campagnes(Europia productions, 2012) Sylla, IbrahimaItem Contribution à l'identification des sites favorables à l'implantation des citernes d'irrigation de complément : cas du Bassin Versant de Tougou au Burkina Faso(Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (Fondation 2iE), 2011) Kombe Ibey, WilfredL’irrigation de complément est une solution alternative au problème de la maîtrise de l’eau dans des systèmes de productions agricoles pluviaux très vulnérables aux poches de sècheresse nombreuses et récurrentes dans le Sahel. Sa mise en oeuvre nécessite entre autre la réalisation d’un mécanisme de stockage des eaux. Ce travail réalisé à Tougou, en zone sahélienne Burkinabè, vise à élaborer un modèle spatial de sites favorables à l’implantation de citernes. Celles-ci serviront à la collecte et aux stockages des eaux de ruissellement dans le but de les réutiliser en irrigation de complément pendant les poches des sécheresses. L’Analyse Multicritère associé à un Système d’Information Géographique et la télédétection constituent les trois grands éléments autour desquels la méthodologie de ce travail a été construite. Nous avons identifié dans cette étude, quelques sites favorables à la mise en place des citernes d’irrigation de complément, dans les parties nord-ouest et sud-ouest du bassin versant de Tougou. Ces sites sont localisés sur un sol peu évolué présentant un faible taux d’infiltration de l’ordre de 1 à 3 mm h-1, en aval de sols à matériaux bruts ayant un coefficient de ruissellement supérieur à 50 % susceptible pour leurs approvisionnements. Ces citernes reposent sur des sols dont les pentes sont moyennes et estimées à 2,7 %, acceptable pour approvisionner les zones de cultures dans le bas-fond par un système d’irrigation gravitaire.Item Critical perspectives on open development : empirical interrogation of theory construction(MIT Press, 2021-02-16) Chib, Arul; Bentley, Caitlin M.; Smith, Matthew L.Over the last ten years, “open” innovations—the sharing of information and communications resources without access restrictions or cost—have emerged within international development. But do these innovations empower poor and marginalized populations? This book examines whether, for whom, and under what circumstances the free, networked, public sharing of information and communication resources contribute (or not) toward a process of positive social transformation. The contributors offer cross-cutting theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses that cover a broad range of applications, emphasizing the underlying aspects of open innovations that are shared across contexts and domains. The book first outlines theoretical frameworks that span knowledge stewardship, trust, situated learning, identity, participation, and power decentralization. It then investigates these frameworks across a range of institutional and country contexts, considering each in terms of the key emancipatory principles and structural impediments it seeks to address. Taken together, the chapters offer an empirically tested theoretical direction for the field.Item The fight against hunger in Africa : a figurative snapshot(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2010) Dieng, MbayeDespite progress, the largest percentage of the world’s population suffering from malnutrition remains in sub-Saharan Africa; that is, 239 million people or 30% of the population. According to the committee of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) food security, fundamental challenges to relieve African food crises relate to land tenure security and international investment. The overall objective of this pan-African programme of research is to make available quality, reliable and accessible information systems through the application of the P-GIS approach to improve natural resource management (water, land and forest in particular) and promote food security.Item Innovative application of ICTs in addressing water-related Impacts of climate change : emerging research questions(icteum consulting, ZA, 2011) James, TinaThe ICT-CCW (Climate Change and Water) research agenda stresses a needs-based approach to water security, and that it be people-centric rather than ICT or water-centric. The objective is to examine various aspects of how ICTs can be used to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacities of communities, including the social components that may be key success factors, for example levels of commitment, motivation etc. The report documents research questions, and research needs which arose from the workshop.Item KFM Radio Broadcast on CHAI(2013-04)This four minute radio broadcast is related to the larger project “Using ICTs to Address Water Challenges in Uganda.” The broadcast introduces Climate Change Adaptation Initiative and ICT (or CHAI), which will provide information about climate change adaptation and water management to communities and the public through radio, mobile phones and internet (information and communication technologies or ICT). Contamination of water sources during floods, loss of infrastructure and other current impacts are discussed.Item La lutte contre la faim en Afrique, un éternel combat(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2010) Dieng, MbayeItem Mesures d'adaptation à la variabilité climatique dans les régions de montagne de l'Atacora au Bénin : modélisation bioéconomique des systèmes agraires dans la commune de Natitingou(Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (Fondation 2iE), 2011) Mondja, Tchomi-KandiDans un processus de changements climatiques ou la variabilité du régime climatique peut se manifester par des poches de sècheresse et des inondations, il est nécessaire de réfléchir de plus en plus aux stratégies d’adaptation. En effet, on assistera à une baisse de la production agricole et par conséquent des effets négatifs sur l’économie du pays qui en est entièrement tributaire d’une part et le niveau de vie des populations rurales d’autre part. Ainsi, au regard de l’importance accordée à l’eau dans le développement des cultures en agriculture, cette recherche s’est proposée d’analyser l’impact du déficit hydrique sur le revenu agricole des exploitations agricoles dans la commune de Natitingou. Après donc la description des systèmes agraires il s’est agit d’analyser la contrainte hydrique et de voir l’impact de la levée de cette contrainte sur la production et le revenu agricoles. L’étude a utilisé les données empiriques collectées auprès de deux exploitations agricoles. Ces données sont complétées par les données secondaires de sources diverses. Le logiciel GAMS basée sur la programmation linéaire est l’outil qui a servi pour cette étude. Les résultats de cette étude montrent avec la production de tomate pluviale en année climatique très sèche, que l’irrigation de complément est un moyen de sécuriser la production et par conséquent le revenu agricole du paysan.Item Modelling the hydrological balance of the Okpara catchment at the Kaboua outlet in Benin(International Academic Journals, 2013-03) Sintondji, Luc O.; Dossou-Yovo, Elliott R.; Agbossou, KossiRapid population growth and industrial development create problems with water management that can lead to contamination and scarcity of water resources. The primary aim of the modeling in this study was to assess annual renewal rates of water resources and erosion rates in the Okpara catchment at the Kaboua outlet. The SWAT 2003 model was selected as the most appropriate for the purpose of this study; it was calibrated and validated for the study basin. Digital elevation model, daily climatic data for 1968-2007, soil and land use maps, physical characteristics of soil, physical parameters of crops were all incorporated in the model that divided the whole catchment in to sub-basins and Hydrological Responses Units (HRU). Calibration and validation of data demonstrated that precipitation in the watershed was 1,075.8 mm/a. Surface runoff was 106.6 mm/a (10% of precipitation), and the total recharge of aquifers was 225.4 mm/a (21% of precipitation). The actual rate of evapotranspiration was 759.8 mm/year (71% of precipitation). The total volume annually produced in the catchment was about 4 billions m3; this amounted to more than 500 times the needs of the population, but paradoxically it still suffered from severe water scarcity. Regarding erosion, an average value of 7t/ha/year was obtained for the watershed with a maximum value for cropland (16.85t/ha/a) and the minimum value for bushed savannah (0.64t/ha/a). Moreover, agricultural practices most susceptible to reduce soil loss were those ridges perpendicular to a slope. Based on these results, some suggestions were made for more sustainable use of land and water resources in the catchment.Item Participation par les SIG : un moyen efficace pour une bonne gestion du foncier dans la communauté rurale de Mbane(Groupe d'Études et de Recherches Genre et Sociétés (GESTES), Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, SN, 2013-06) Université Gaston Berger. Groupe d'Études et de Recherches Genre et Sociétés (GESTES)La gestion du foncier demeure un problème entier pour les Etats africains. Le choix d’une législation combinée entre les tenures traditionnelles et coutumières et les lois par le Sénégal dès les indépendances a certes permis à la nation d’avoir une maîtrise sur le domaine national. Seulement, il est à l’origine aussi d’une imbroglio. Ce policy brief montre comment une Système d’Information Géographique Participatif peut être une solution viable pour une meilleure gestion du foncier au Sénégal.Item Participatory approach to data collection for GIS for flood risk management in informal settlements of Cape Town(Geomatics Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, ZA, 2011) Musungu, Kevin; Motala, Siddique; Smit, JulianInadequate flow of information between stakeholders can hamper development of sustainable flood risk management strategies. Using the case study of a flood prone informal settlement in Cape Town, this paper demonstrates a methodology for the collection and integration of community-based information into a Geographic Information System (GIS) that is useable by the Cape Town City Council (CTCC) for risk assessment. The study contributes to the body of Participatory GIS (PGIS) research. It demonstrates a practical approach to data collection towards development of sustainable flood risk management strategies in informal settlements.Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security : ict4d e-bulletin, issue 6, July 2011(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2011-07) ENDA Lead AfricaThis one-page brochure/ e-bulletin provides links to articles and studies related to the Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) programmes. The overall objective of this pan-African programme of research is to contribute to making available good quality, reliable and accessible information systems through the application of the P-GIS approach to improve natural resource management (water, land and forest in particular) and promote food security.Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security : ict4d e-bulletin, issue 7, April 2012(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2012-04) ENDA Lead AfricaThis one-page brochure/ e-bulletin provides links to articles and studies related to the Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) programmes. The overall objective of this pan-African programme of research is to contribute to making available good quality, reliable and accessible information systems through the application of the P-GIS approach to improve natural resource management (water, land and forest in particular) and promote food security.Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security : ict4d e-bulletin, no. 1, June 2010(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2010-06) ENDA Lead AfricaThis one-page bulletin introduces the pan-African Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) programme. The programme aims to provide reliable, accessible and accurate information through the P-GIS approach to improve natural resources management and promote food security.Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security in Africa : ict4d article, August 2010(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2010) Diop Sall, FatouAccess to land is highly dependent on social status (ethnicity, social class) and family status (position in the household) of individuals. Women's access to land varies according to eco-geographical zones and as well, is dependent on their particular position and rank in the family household. Despite a formal recognition of the right of women to land in the Senegalese national Strategy for Gender Equality and Equity (SNEEG), social or cultural claims are always made to justify their limited access to resources. This brief article introduces the topic of gender discrimination, access to land and food security.Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security in Africa : ict4d article, January 2011(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2011) Dieng, MbayeThis paper presents some thoughts on the status of fresh water in Africa, water for consumption and irrigation, and to meet the need for increased resources in cereals in a context of growth and densification of populations. It addresses some important concerns: the water situation in relation to the issue of climate change; the challenge of people's access to water in sufficient quantity and of good quality; and issues raised by the privatization of access to water (dilemma between solvency and solidarity).Item Participatory Geographic Information Systems (P-GIS) for natural resource management and food security in Africa : ict4d article, January 2011(ENDA Lead Africa, Dakar, SN, 2011) Sylla, IbrahimaWhat should we make of the wild rumors on the increasing scarcity of fresh water around the world? What are the challenges connected to the increase in the world’s population and to climate change? Does water lead more to war than to peace? Theses are the questions addressed in this article. The overall objective of this pan-African programme of research is to contribute to making available good quality, reliable and accessible information systems through the application of the P-GIS approach to improve natural resource management (water, land and forest in particular) and promote food security.
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