Policy Briefs / Dossiers de politique
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Item Agro-chemicals, productivity and health in Vietnam(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Basic hygiene can beat diarrhoea : a lesson from the slums of Dhaka(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2009) Alam, Jahangir; Bellamy, RufusRelatively simple measures, such as the use of a narrow-neck water container or hand-washing can reduce diarrhoeal risk and duration. The mother's education and awareness also play an important role in lowering the prevalence of diarrhoea. The study assesses the financial cost of diarrhea to households and finds that slum households spend approximately 1% of their annual income on diarrhoea related costs. NGO and mass media public information campaigns should give more emphasis on safe storage of water, effective hand washing and other basic hygiene issues.Item Benefits of clean air : a case study from India(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2006) Gupta, Usha; Bellamy, RufusIn cities across South Asia, air pollution is fast becoming a critical problem. As vehicle congestion gets worse, industrialization expands, and energy use soars, air quality in urban centres is reaching potentially hazardous levels. This is producing a wide range of social and environmental problems, particularly with regard to people’s health. This, in turn, is placing a significant economic burden on individuals and society in general, in terms of health costs and loss of economic productivity. Improving air quality calls for a wide-range of responses, many of which can be costly and therefore difficult to politically administer. To ensure that air clean-up policies are cost-effective and have the necessary political backing, it is vital that accurate information is available on the potential economic benefits of pollution.Item Can market forces clean the air in Manila?(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Can tax combat pollution? : an assessment of the Sri Lankan rubber industry(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2008) Edirisinghe, Jagath; Bellamy, RufusRubber processing in Sri Lanka is one of the most polluting industrial activities in the country, and, the current ‘command and control’ system of pollution control is proving to be ineffective. Now, a new SANDEE research suggests that taxation could be used to encourage the industry to clean up its act. // The SANDEE study recommends that the government should levy a tax equivalent to 8.6 per cent of the total annual turnover of the rubber industry. It argues that this would provide an incentive for the rubber industry to meet environmental standards. Such an economic instrument would also motivate the Sri Lankan Central Environmental Authority to monitor effluents more carefully, and that would give polluting firms an incentive to find innovative ways of dealing with their waste, such as recycling the chemicals in their effluents.Item China's pollution challenge : balancing the carrots and sticks(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1998) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Yun PingItem Cleaning up the King's river : a "willingness to pay" study from Thailand(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Colombo chokes on the car : the case for controlling automotive air pollution(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Counting the cost of water pollution : an investigation into arsenic poisoning in West Bengal(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2007) Roy, Joyashree; Bellamy, RufusArsenic contamination affects drinking water in almost half of the districts of West Bengal in India. This in turn has a significant impact on the health of many people in the area. In an attempt to find a solution to this health crisis, a SANDEE study examined the costs of contamination and its implications. It finds that households would benefit to the extent of Rs. 297($7) per month if arsenic concentrations met safety standards. The current cost of supplying safe piped water by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation is Rs 127 ($3) per month per household. Thus, investing in safe drinking water is economically feasible. The study also finds that poor households, who are most affected by the pollutant, will be major beneficiaries of any such solution.Item Cutting the costs of cleanup : the case for tradable discharge permits in the Upper Manpan River, China(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) Universiti Malaya, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Wendong Tao; Weimin Yang; Bo ZhouItem Facing hazards at work : agricultural workers and pesticide exposure in Kuttanad, Kerala(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2007) Indira Devi, P.; Bellamy, RufusPesticides are responsible for hundreds of cases of poisoning in the developing world, where information and training on the potential negative health effects of these chemicals is often lacking. While the impact of the indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals is widely acknowledged, the economic costs of this misuse are less well known. This has held back investment in the necessary health and safety programmes that can safeguard people’s well-being.Item Health cost of cement production : a study for air pollution in Sri Lanka(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2008) Bogawatte, C.; Herath, Janaranjana; Bellamy, RufusAir pollution from Sri Lanka’s largest cement production plant is having significant effects on respiratory health. The study finds that about 14% of the people who live in the vicinity of the Puttalam cement factory have respiratory illnesses linked to the pollution that it produces. By assessing the cost of these health problems, the study finds that if the air pollution produced by the plant was reduced by 50%, locals would benefit by SLR 3 million through improvements in health.Item Ignoring the labels : pesticide use in China(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2000) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Living with livestock : dealing with pig waste in the Philippines(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Making recycling work for Manila's waste management(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2002) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Open fires, dirty air and respiratory diseases : examining health costs from indoor air pollution in Nepal(SANDEE, Kathmandu, NP, 2008) Pant, K. P.; Bellamy, RufusA SANDEE report from Nepal looks at an environmental and social problem that has long plagued rural communities in the country – the health impact of indoor air pollution (IAP) caused by cooking fires. The study finds that, although most poor people accept indoor air pollution as a ‘fact of life’, it is, in truth, a very significant health problem, especially for women and children. The study also finds that relatively simple solutions such as improved cooking stoves (ICS) and the use of clean fuels such as biogas can reduce levels of indoor air pollution and significantly improve people’s health. An assessment of the costs and benefits of these solutions show that there is a very strong economic rationale for adopting them in preference to traditional fuels such as wood. Both biogas and improved cooking stoves provide benefits far in excess of their relatively small costs. It is clear that if rural health policy is to be effective, more work needs to be done to highlight the dangers of indoor air pollution and to promote the economic savings and health benefits that ‘clean’ cooking technology can bring.Item Pesticide tax for Vietnam?(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast AsiaItem Pesticides and policy : the impact of integrated pest management on the Indonesian economy(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 2001) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Resosudarmo, B.P.Item Philippine mining disaster : counting the cost of a ruined river(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1998) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia; Bennagen, E.Item Pricing wastewater treatment in China(EEPSEA, Singapore, SG, 1999) IDRC. Regional Office for Southeast and East Asia, Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia