Research Results (Networked Economies) / Résultats de recherche (Économies en réseaux)
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Item 2019 Kirindon literacy study : using ABRACADABRA and READS(2021) Lysenko, Larysa; Abrami, Phil; Wade, Anne; Del Col, Nancy; Waichinga, Anne; Kedoki, Julius; WaGioko, Maina; Kiforo, Enos; Iminza, RoseTwo grade-one English teachers and their students from two World Vision schools in Kirindon (a remote region of Narok County, Kenya) participated in this study; one teacher used ABRA-READS as part of her English Language instruction (40 students) and one control teacher (40 students) did not use the tools. Analysis of findings show that after exposure to the ABRA and READS instruction, the students improved their scores at a higher rate than their peers from the control class. ABRA/READS students showed significantly larger improvements in Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Total Grade. The software helped learners become active learners and to reason faster.Item Accent translation : improving online learning experience in Africa(2021) Afonja, Tejumade; Okubadejo, Olumide; Nwadike, Munachiso; Mbataku, Clinton; Francis, LawrenceThe goal is to make online educational content accessible through the reformulation of content in local accents. This brief presentation provides an overview of the structure of the project and provides a timeline for development of datasets.Item Activity theory approach toward teacher professional development at scale (TPD@Scale) : a case study of a teacher learning center in Indonesia(Springer, 2020-11-19) Lim, Cher Ping; Juliana; Liang, MinContinuous teacher professional development (TPD) ensures that teachers have the capacity to continually plan and implement quality teaching and learning that supports students in achieving their expected program/course learning outcomes. However, teachers’ access to quality TPD is a challenge due to geographical limitations, gender, special needs, marginalized communities, and the government’s policies, or lack of policies, regarding teachers. There are tensions between quality and equity, and cost implications that may hinder the scaling up of quality TPD programs. This paper adopts an activity theory approach to examine how a teacher learning center (TLC) in a regency of Indonesia enhances teachers’ access to quality TPD. The findings reveal that teachers learn in the TLC through different TPD activities. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are found to mediate the professional learning activities, learning resources, learning support, and assessments in the TLC. Furthermore, three key stakeholders—the local government, teacher working groups, and school principals—play significant roles in supporting teachers’ professional learning in the TLC.Item Adoption and impact of OEP and OER in the Global South : theoretical, conceptual & methodological framework for the ROER4D project meta-synthesis(2018-03) Hodgkinson-Williams, CherylWhile still respecting the integrity of individual reports, the meta-synthesis framework serves to integrate themes and insights gained from individual qualitative research into a higher order synthesis. Because educational challenges emerge in various regions, institutions, and departments by educators and students, research studies need to draw on a wide variety of conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Challenges serve as benchmarks for judging the impact of the take-up/adoption of open educational practices and resources, and need to be identified up-front. The meta-synthesis approach can promote broader understanding of the entire body of Research in Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D).Item Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South(African Minds, University of Cape Town, 2017-12) Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl; Arinto, PatriciaThe Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) project builds on the body of research regarding Open Educational Resources (OER), to improve access, enhance quality, and reduce the cost of education in the Global South. This volume examines aspects of educator and student adoption of OER and engagement in open educational practices (OEP) in secondary and tertiary education as well as teacher professional development in 21 countries in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. The ROER4D syntheses presented here aim to help inform open education advocacy, policy, practice, and research in developing countries.Item Adoption and impact of OER in the global south : chapter summaries(2018) Hodgkinson-Williams, CherylThe project was comprised of 18 sub-projects, the findings from which are captured as chapters in the edited volume “Adoption and Impact of OER in the Global South.” The summaries presented here provide an overview of chapters’ study contexts, methodological approaches, key findings and recommendations, as well as links to related open datasets. A link is also provided to the volume [http://roer4d.org/edited-volume].Item Africa digital policy project : 2020 technical report(2020-04) Gillwald, Alison; Calandro, Enrico; Chair, Chenai; Comninos, Alex; Govan-Vassen, Naila; Mothobi, Onkokame; Razzano, Gabriella; Spuy, Anri van derAlthough more people are connected to the Internet, digital inequality in the global South has become amplified. This report highlights work of the African Digital Policy Project (ADPP). ADPP research promotes better understanding of the implications of Africans’ inclusion in the evolving information society. The ADPP’s theory of change encompasses broadening of digital policy horizons and capacities as a prerequisite to broadening digital policy regimes. This requires shifting from technologically deterministic policy approaches to a more critical, rights-based understanding of the role of the Internet and other digital technologies in African economies and societies.Item Age for learning, age for teaching : the role of intergenerational, intra-household learning in Internet use by older adults in Latin America(Informa UK Limited, 2017) Barrantes Cáceres, Roxana; Cozzubo Chaparro, AngeloAs the global population of older adults grows, the Internet emerges as a tool for social inclusion as well as a means of improving various aspects of quality of life. This paper focuses on the role of younger people in the process of Internet adoption by older adults. Regression analysis confirms that younger people living in a household play a pivotal role in the adoption process, but not in intensity of use. Results show three significant factors: presence of a spouse, perception of the Internet as a waste of time, and perception of the Internet as a need.Item Agency and volition : a social realist perspective on select findings from the ROER4D project(2018-06) Cox, Glenda; Hodgkinson-Williams, CherylAs a way to synthesize 17 autonomous subprojects within the Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) network, the “meta-synthesis” approach is outlined in this presentation. It highlights one step in the Open Education Cycle and how Archer’s social realism can be used to provide deeper understanding, in particular how structure influences agency: “under what conditions (structural and cultural) individual’s or institutional decision making result in change or constancy in Open Educational Practice (OEP) is associated with Open Educational Resources (OER) adoption?”Item AI4D - African language dataset challenge(2020-07-23) Siminyu, Kathleen; Freshia, Sackey; Abbott, Jade; Marivate, Vukosi; Quinn, John; Stoyanov, VeselinThis work details the organisation of the AI4D - African Language Dataset Challenge, an effort to incentivize the creation, organization and discovery of African language datasets through a competitive challenge. As language and speech technologies become more advanced, the lack of fundamental digital resources for African languages (such as data, spell checkers and Part of Speech taggers) adds to the digital divide. Zindi, an African data science competition platform, hosted the AI4D - African Language Dataset Challenge in a bid to leverage the Zindi user base of 12,000 individuals.Item Analysis of accountability concepts for open development(2018-01) Bentley, CaitlinThe distinct and innovative characteristics of open processes render some concepts of accountability inadequate. This article compares three purposes and perspectives on accountability for their relevance to open development in order to suggest future areas of research and theoretical development. Much of the discourse on accountability in open development has focused on making use of new technology to hold development actors, such as governments, to account. Overall, accountability concepts are highly relevant for reducing ambiguities between what open development is, and what it is for. This paper addresses some gaps in the literature on accountability.Item Anexos del informe técncio final (Consolidado)(2019) Barrantes, Roxana; Aguero, Aileen; Silva, SaritaItem Annex 14 : bulk data : policy implications (draft)(2018-03) Samarajiva, Rohan; Perera-Gomez, ThavishaThe term “bulk surveillance” is used to describe the collection and analysis of behavioral big data relevant to maintenance of law and order, broadly defined. Avoidance of detection by law breakers may be perceived as easier in virtual space when agents of the law are at a technological disadvantage. The focus of this paper is on the subset of big data known as transaction-generated data (also described as “data exhaust”) arising from the day-to-day behaviors of persons and the technological devices closely associated with them. What should the principles be with regard to bulk surveillance and uses of personal data?Item Annex 15 : analyzing Facebook data to understand regional connectivity(2018-03) Wijeratne, Yudhanjaya; Samarajiva, Rohan; Lokanathan, Sriganesh; Surendra, Aparna; Fernando, LasanthaSocial network connectivity between nations potentially serves as a way of exploring networks of international communities, human movement and economic activity. This connectivity often appears to transcend governmental and political barriers (such as between India and Pakistan, for example). Initial exploratory analysis reveals that social network data does strongly correlate to trade and migration between countries, but not to the distance between countries. Some prospective challenges are also outlined for this study.Item Annex 16 : automated traffic monitoring for complex road conditions(2018-03) Opatha, R. K; Peiris, Akila; Gamini, D. D. A.; Edirisuriya, Ananda; Athuraliya, C. D.; Jayasooriya, IsuruRecent advancements in computer vision and machine learning techniques have made traffic monitoring systems highly effective in well structured traffic conditions such as highways. But these systems struggle in handling complex and irregular conditions that exist in developing countries, due to lack of infrastructure and regulation. This research breaks down the problem into different sub-tasks such as vehicle detection, vehicle tracking, and vehicle recognition, then combines each process into one pipeline that can be used for traffic monitoring. Implementing the final pipeline involves improving and aggregating existing techniques. Results demonstrate the potential of these techniques for automated traffic monitoring.Item Annex 17 : deep semantic segmentation for built-up area extraction and mapping from satellite imagery(2018-03) Athuraliya, C. D.; Ramasinghe, Sameera; Lokanathan, SriganeshResearch focuses on generating more usable built-up area maps, as traditional methods (such as surveys and census) are infrequent and costly. The work proposes a modified Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) architecture that will improve semantic segmentation operation on satellite imagery for built-up area extraction and urban mapping. This method could bridge the gap between existing extraction techniques and actual land cover/built-up area maps used by practitioners. Applications are potentially to socio-economic classification and urban planning, where building density functions as a proxy measure for socio-economic level, and building distribution for urban area estimates and growth, respectively.Item Annex 20 : code of practice for the secondary use of mobile network big data(2018-03)Personal data must be protected against accidental destruction or loss, alteration, and unauthorized disclosure or access. This Code of Practice addresses issues related to the processing and uses of Mobile Network Big Data (MNBD), where data collection practices “will be transparent and will not go beyond /will desist from collecting more data than needed for the efficient operation of the network and the supply of goods and services to the customer.” It covers data storage, as well as accountability of Data Controllers, and compliance with national standards within binding agreements.Item Annex 21 : scrutiny of electricity billing and supply data as a probable proxy for economic activities : an analysis of power consumption of Dhaka, Bangladesh (draft)(2018-03) Zaber, Moinul; Bhyiyan, Farhad; Sayeed, Abu; Islam, Samiul; Rakib, Nibras; Ali, AminThis case study attempts to provide a load forecasting model to help ascertain short-term electricity demand at the regional level in Bangladesh. To assist policy makers in determining how regulatory decisions impact behavior, consumer level billing data, and power satiation level, supply data such as load variability and load shedding is analyzed. Cleaning the dataset and dealing with outlier values includes such problems as lack of exact household addresses in Dhaka city. The impact of changes in appliance use due to weather or price hikes is examined in order to predict future energy needs of consumers.Item Annexures final IDRC report 2018 : conference/workshop matrix(2018) Gillwald, Alison; Chair, Chenai; Calandro, Enrico; Mothobi, Onkokame; Rademan, Broc; Van der Spuy, AnriA listing of publications, policy briefs and op-eds demonstrate the impact of Research ICT Africa (RIA) research on regulatory interventions in ICT access and broadband coverage. Forums and websites are included in this lengthy catalogue of participation (conferences, workshops and training) in RIA research largely taking place in Africa.