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Item Adaptation pathways to inform policy and practice in the context of development(Elsevier Ltd., 2023-01-03) Sparkes, Edward; Totin, Edmond; Werners, Saskia E.; Wise, Russell M.; Butler, James R.A.; Vincent, KatharineAdaptation pathways are a decision-focused approach to account for future uncertainties and complexities in planning and implementation of adaptation actions. The pathways approach incorporates flexibility into decision making to accommodate for changing conditions over time, and to reduce undesirable path dependencies and maladaptive consequences. While the pathways approach for adaptation planning has received great interest from both climate scientists and practitioners, there has been little specific guidance on how to implement them and how to sustain the resulting outcomes. Accordingly, pathways approaches include diversified methodologies, with scope for reorienting and adjusting methods for different decision contexts. This special issue explores both theoretical and empirical cases of adaptation pathways in different contexts. A learning framework on adaptation pathways has been developed from a systematic review of adaptation literature. In this editorial, the framework is used to characterize the twelve case studies presented in the special issue, followed by a synthesis of lessons which point to some critical research gaps in adaptation pathways.Item Adaptation research alliance : concept note(2021-07) Adaptation Research AllianceThe Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA) is an integral component of the Adaptation & Resilience (A&R) campaign, one of the priority areas for the COP26. The mission is to accelerate and scale investments in action-orientated research in developing countries. This Policy Brief outlines the scope of the ARA mission and plans for activities in action-based research. The ARA envisions a world by 2030 in which the research community is a highly valued partner to policymakers, practitioners and the most vulnerable communities, and engages effectively for the delivery of innovative, user-driven solutions for adaptation and resilience from the global to local levels.Item CLARE - Ecolimits building ecosystem services for poverty alleviation(2022-01-20) Mason, John; Norris, KenGaining access to long-term production data is one of the biggest challenges to climate change adaptation policy planning. The project team successfully engaged the government in the analysis and review process of the Ghana Cocoa Board’s long-term big data sets (over seventy years of production data at multiple scales). Analysis improved the capacity of key stakeholders to understand the inter-relationships between the environment /climate, farming, and people’s lives and livelihoods. The process helped consolidate in-country partnerships including with the Forestry Commission, Cocoa Board, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Environment Protection Agency, relevant District Assemblies and Tropenbos Ghana.Item CLARE consultation : final report(Shift Insight Ltd, 2021-05) Karlin, Lena; Kedros, Jenny; Lauchlan, Elsie; Jones, RhiannonThis is a comprehensive report presenting findings from the consultation phase, to inform the design and development of the new climate and resilience research framework, Climate Adaptation and Resilience / Adaptation aux changements climatiques et résilience (CLARE). The consultation explored approaches to prioritizing research of radically different natures, scopes and impacts. The sentiments of the expert community varied, some preferring a cost-benefit approach, where others, for example, prioritized addressing the urgency of need. Areas underpinning many research gaps are: reliability of science, confidence in data, skills in modelling; assessment and evaluation of evidence, actions and approaches; conducting science across scales and contexts; and synthesis of evidence.Item CLARE scoping study : understanding African decision-makers' needs for research and evidence(2019-12-13) SouthSouthNorth (SSN); International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)This is a detailed scoping study for the Climate and Resilience (CLARE) framework in advance of programming agendas and funding. Additional scoping studies are recommended to better define research needs prior to the research call, including a component on mapping the political and decision-making landscape, as well as partnering with local institutions that have in-depth knowledge. A clear demand-related criterion for the projects that will be funded is emphasized as necessary. Climate change priorities are defined at the country level, which then inform subcontinental and continental priorities. For maximum policy impact, the CLARE programme should primarily target the country-level.Item Climate change, conflict and fragility : information and analysis to support programme design scoping for the climate and resilience framework programme (CLARE)(2020-06) Peters, Katie; Dupar, Mairi; Opitz-Stapleton, Sarah; Lovell, Emma; Budimir, Mirianna; Brown, Sarah; Cao, YueThis in-depth paper provides important resource links and references regarding approaches to ensuring that climate change programming and policies in fragile and conflict-affected contexts do not exacerbate conflict. It examines evidence gaps in addition to what is known, from multiple disciplinary perspectives, including disaster risk reduction (DRR), conflict sensitivity, climate adaptation and conflict and humanitarian research and programmes. Regarding funding, design and delivery of programmes, programming for uncertainty (in relation to both conflict dynamics and climate change) should be built into the funding set-up. Proper climate analysis, including attribution and sensitivity analysis, continues to be lacking in many climate-conflict studies.Item Climate resilient development pathways in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region(2022-03) Werners, Saskia E.; Shrestha Pradhan, Neera; Shrestha, Suzeena; Syed, Abu; Chowdhury, Sidratun; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Chakravarty, Smita; Jamal, Faiza; Bharti, Neha; Malhotra, Saumya; Biemans, Hester; Gulpen, Marijn; Ahmed, Bashir; Ahmed, Shakil; Khalid Jamil, Muhammad; Abaas, Akhtar; Lamichhane, Nabina; Sparkes, EdwardCommunities throughout the world face substantial challenges in the face of climate change. This is of particular concern in climate change hotspots, especially where extreme climate effects coincide with large numbers of vulnerable and poor people. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is one such climate change hotspot. For development to be sustainable in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, interventions need to include choices and actions that improve livelihoods and alleviate poverty, counteract climate change, are inclusive for the most vulnerable and resilient over time. Climate resilient development pathways present an option to bring together these goals, by consolidating climate action and development choices to generate pathways towards sustainable development.Item Design scoping study for the capacity strengthening component of the CLARE programme : final report(2020-02-12) Boulle, Michael; Scodanibbio, Lucia; Dane, Anthony; Mentz, Sasha; Haselip, JamesThe analysis identifies a range of needs against which any capacity strengthening initiatives should be referenced. The study contributes elements of the design of the Climate and Resilience (CLARE) framework. It equips CLARE with what is needed in order to address persistent challenges that confront initiatives aimed at strengthening capacity for climate change research. Additionally, emphasis has been placed on innovative approaches for long-lasting impactful processes and outcomes in the shifting terrain of the 2020s. Climate researchers need to enhance skills related to partnership building, policy engagement, and design thinking.Item Designing research to catalyse climate action(Springer Nature, 2021-09-29) Currie-Alder, Bruce; De Souza, Ken ; Biswas, Asit K.; Tortajada, CeciliaClimate action ahead of 2030 requires ambitious research that is fit for purpose: working across scale, creating synergy among cohorts of projects, and enabling capacity to pursue research uptake. Research needs to bridge local and national levels and provide evidence that informs decisions with decadal implications. To become more than the sum of its constituent activities, research programmes and consortia require learning frameworks and equitable partnership among participating organisations. Beyond scholarships and fellowships for training and independent study, exchanges and embedding in real-world settings practical experiences allow people to gain experience beyond academia in diverse host institutions. Greater emphasis needs to be given to the spectrum extending from research to its application, including co-production and knowledge brokering with local people and decision-makers.Item Elevated fires during COVID-19 lockdown and the vulnerability of protected areas(Nature, 2022-05-05) Eklund, Johanna; Jones, Julia P. G.; Räsänen, Matti; Geldmann, Jonas; Jokinen, Ari-PekkaThere is little robust, quantitative information on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the extinction crisis. Focusing on Madagascar, one of the world’s most threatened biodiversity hotspots, we explore whether the cessation of on-site protected-area management activities due to the pandemic were associated with increased burning inside protected areas. We identify monthly excess fire anomalies by comparing observed fires with those predicted on the basis of historical and contemporary fire and weather data for all of Madagascar’s protected areas for every month 2012–2020. Through to 2019, excess fire anomalies in protected areas were few, short in duration and, in some years, coincident with social disruption linked to national elections. By contrast, in 2020, COVID-19 meant on-site management of Madagascar’s protected areas was suspended from March to July. This period was associated with 76–248% more fires than predicted, after which burning returned to normal. At a time when international biodiversity conservation faces unprecedented challenges, our results highlight the importance of on-site management for maintaining protected-area integrity.Item Enabling climate science use to better support resilience and adaptation practice : rapid evidence assessment for the CLARE programme(2020-03) LTS International LimitedThe report summarises expert analysis and key findings from climate science information provision. The gulf, or “Valley of Death,” that exists between providers and users of information is a key focus of this report. The climate and resilience research framework programme (CLARE) in partnership with the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), will provide evidence and innovation needed to climate-inform the Department for International Development (DFID) and other UK Government investments threatened by climate change, particularly in Africa. Active engagement with the kind of climate science that is needed to enable adaptive management remains limited.Item Enhancing gender equality and social inclusion through climate action(2021-12) IDRC; Edliadi, MokhamadFour entry points for action research emerged from this consultation: an intersectional approach to participatory and inclusive research; integration of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) within climate-resilient development interventions; advancing GESI outcomes by informing institutional and policy action; and enhancing access to resources as well as agency of marginalized groups. Workshop discussions also identified barriers and opportunities to addressing GESI in climate action research, noting that research funding often remains oriented toward scientific achievement and less towards benefitting users.Item Evolution of empirical adaptation research in the global south : a review of literature published in three major journals between 2010-2020(2020-08) Vincent, Katharine; Cundill, GeorginaThis paper assesses the evolution of adaptation research in the global South over the last decade (2010-2020) using a scoping review approach. Research has covered both policy and practice at different scales, from regional, to national, to individual/household, with a particular focus on agricultural and rural settings. The review shows there is significant and growing interest in the determinants of adaptation and adaptive capacity, including the role of barriers and enablers, as well as in the role of gender. Large swathes of sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East/North Africa remain severely under-researched. The majority of papers focus on rural and agricultural issues rather than cities.Item Faire progresser l'égalité des genres etl'inclusion sociale grâce à l'action climatique(2021-12) IDRC; Edliadi, MokhamadItem Food system research priorities in the context of climate change(2021-11) IDRC; Loke, AtulThis summary encapsulates consultation findings from 40 survey respondents and 23 workshop participants regarding priorities for action oriented research in climate-resilient food systems. (See Annex B for summary tables). Priority areas include: Transforming food systems; Transitions towards agroecology; Supporting health and sustainable diets; Justice, equality and inclusion in food systems; Resilience of smallholder farmers; Planning for climate risk; Reducing emissions. The Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA) needs to balance international collaboration, vs what is done through local, context-specific work.Item In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer(Springer Nature, 2021-07-20) Beesigamukama, Dennis; Mochoge, Benson; Korir, Nicholas; Ghemoh, Changeh J.; Subramanian, Sevgan; Tanga, Chrysantus M.Black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is effective on crop performance, but information on nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release capacity of soils amended with BSFFF is lacking. This study utilized field incubation experiments to investigate the ammonification, nitrification, microbial populations, and quantities of nutrients released by soils amended with BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) for a period equivalent to two maize cropping seasons. The paper provides a detailed breakdown and analysis of results. BSFFF has a high potential to supply adequate nutrients for optimal crop production. Higher population of soil bacteria and fungi underline its potential for improving biological soil fertility.Item Integration of gender equality and social inclusion considerations into CLARE : the ‘what’ and the ‘how’(2021-11-26) Eerdewijk, Anouka van; Bråten, Yngve; Danielsen, KatrineClimate change adaptation research is not apolitical, and seeks to engage with critical gaps, moving forward the gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) typology and integrating it into Climate Adaptation and Resilience (CLARE) programming and research design. A first step in identifying entry points for GESI integration, is to look at ambitions and objectives articulated regarding gender equality and social inclusion. This comprehensive scoping study details GESI ambitions and objectives of CLARE that resonate with IDRC’s outcome and impact-oriented ambitions on gender equality and social inclusion: to improve programme impact, and to strengthen thought leadership in gender focused research through ‘more inclusive and transformative’ programming.Item Network and bibliometric mapping of climate change adaptation and resilience research(2021-10-29) Science - Metric Inc.This report provides a network analysis of co-authorship characteristics in scientific publishing in the field of climate change adaptation and resilience research. It maps the shape and composition of research networks; in particular, it includes Southern Women researchers/authors/collaborators. Network analysis is used for analysing research portfolios, and increasingly in formal programme assessments. Detailed findings convey a picture of “stratified integration” in the field of ‘climate adaptation and resilience for development’ (CCARD): women account for 33% of publication authorships in the most recent period; Southern authors have a lower average compared to Northern authors, and the gap has increased over time.Item Pasture production and conservation training manual(2021-09) Oscar, Koech; Kibet, StalineThe manual provides instructions for fodder production and grasslands conservation strategies for community groups to help cushion households from feed/fodder shortages during the dry seasons. The manual is illustrated with photos along with training topics, guidelines and technical knowledge for community pasture producers. The training is planned for five-day learning interactions between trainees and trainers. Drought intensity coupled with climate change have adversely affected livelihoods of pastoral and non-pastoral communities in the Arid and Semi-Arid Land (ASAL) areas of Kenya. This drastically affects forage supply for livestock. Knowledge of fodder types and species adaptation is a necessity.Item Prioridades de investigación sobre lossistemas alimentarios en el contextodel cambio climático(2021-11) IDRC; Loke, Atul