Supporting Inclusive Growth (SIG) / Croissance pour tous (CPT)
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Promoting inclusive growth
Economic growth can reduce poverty. However, growth does not always lead to more and better jobs or increased income. The poor, particularly poor women and youth, do not always share the benefits of growth. Poverty and inequality remain key challenges.
We support policy-oriented research that promotes inclusive growth, enhancing opportunities for all, while reducing inequalities.
We are especially interested in research which aims to:
- facilitate growth with decent jobs
- enhance small and medium sized enterprise development, entrepreneurship, and innovation.
Such research needs to address gender dynamics.
Favoriser la croissance pour tous
La croissance économique peut entraîner une réduction de la pauvreté. Cependant, la croissance ne se traduit pas toujours par la création d’emplois plus nombreux et meilleurs, ni par des revenus plus élevés. Les pauvres, particulièrement les femmes et les jeunes, ne profitent pas toujours des retombées de la croissance. La pauvreté et les inégalités demeurent de graves problèmes.
Le programme Croissance pour tous soutient des travaux de recherche axés sur les politiques dans le but de favoriser la croissance partagée – une croissance qui améliore l’accès de tous aux débouchés et qui réduit les inégalités.
Il s’intéresse tout particulièrement aux travaux de recherche qui visent à
- favoriser une croissance qui donne lieu à des emplois décents
- améliorer le cadre de développement de l’entreprise, d’entrepreneuriat et d’innovation.
Ces travaux doivent prendre en compte les rapports et les interactions entre les garçons et les filles et entre les hommes et les femmes.
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Item Acceso de las MIPyMES al catálogo electrónico del INCOP(Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, AR, 2011-05) Aviles Pazmino, DavidEl sistema nacional de contratación pública del Ecuador se creó en el año 2008 mediante la expedición de la LOSNCP (Ley Orgánica del Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública), esta ley afecta a todos los proveedores del Estado y a las Entidades contratantes. Las Entidades que están sujetas a esta ley son las instituciones o empresas, que financien su actividad mediante la utilización de fondos públicos y las empresas en donde el Estado tenga una participación igual o mayor al 50% del total del paquete accionario.Item Access to justice and the processing of telecommunications claims : the dilemma of special civil courts in Brazil(2013) Shérida Ferraz, LeslieThe Special Civil Courts (SCC) of Brazil have processed an enormous volume of claims involving telephone service providers, which often lead the rankings of those most sued. As the Courts were not created to solve problems in a collective and aggregate manner, they end up producing individual responses to the parties who bring the claims, which explains the volume of cases. This paper argues that there exists an indirect relationship between ANATEL [National Telecommunications Agency] and SCCs, even though these Courts do not have jurisdiction to review the decisions of regulatory agencies.Item Access to land and land based resources among women in pastoralist and forest-dependent communities in East Africa(Centre for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP), University of Nairobi, 2012) Nyamu Musembi, Celestine; Mubuu, Kamau; Kameri-Mbote, PatriciaResearch was conducted in three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Findings illustrate how women’s entitlements are mediated through sub-national/ethnic citizenship with implications on their national citizenship and human rights. Law, policy, and practice have excluded women in land ownership and control and made their access tenuous. For instance, the Law of Succession Act (Kenya, 1981) exempts pastoralist regions from application of the Act, giving pastoralist communities in Kenya the freedom to apply their own customary laws. In virtually all the communities concerned, there is no recognition of marital property and inheritance rights for daughters.Item Access to land and land based resources among women in pastoralist and forest-dependent communities in East Africa : exploring multiple exclusions and their impacts on women’s citizenship; final technical report(2012-12) Kameri-Mbote, PatriciaThe security of women’s entitlement to land and land-based resources in the East Africa region has been compromised by a combination of unfavourable laws and government policies, socio-economic change toward greater commoditization of and competition for land and land-based resources, and exclusionary practices defended as ‘customary’. Law, policy, and practice have excluded women in land ownership and control and made their access tenuous. Yet land and resources linked to it form a critical part of pastoral and forest dependent communities’ life lines and lack of access to these resources can lead to the decimation of the affected communities because their livelihoods are linked to particular landscapes. For women in such communities, this exclusion is exacerbated by the marginalisation of the entire community polity in national policies generally. Gender within this context comprises an additional layer of exclusion. This research sought to explore access to land and land based resources among women in the Hadza, Batwa, Maasai, Ogiek and Karamojong communities (representing pastoralist and forest-dependent communities in East Africa) while exploring multiple exclusions and their impacts on women’s citizenship. It specifically sought to understand and make proposals on how best to secure the rights to land and land-based resources for women in these communities, in view of the fact that they have to negotiate between multiple citizenships. The research was carried out using desk-based (review of literature) and field-based methods (social mapping, surveys, interviews and focus group discussions) to elicit a contextual understanding of how women’s marginalization among the Hadza, Batwa, Maasai, Ogiek and Karamojong is generated, entrenched and rationalized. The deepened and contextual understanding was to help us inform advocacy initiatives and engage with government policies both at local, national and regional levels.Item Access to water, time allocation and income in rural India(National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi, IN, 2012-05) Binswanger-Mkhize, Hans; Nag, Sharmistha; Nagarajan, Hari K.; Pradhan, Kailash C.; Singh, SudhirIn this paper we show that investments to improve the supply and management of water reduce the time spent in fetching water by both men and women, which in turn will lead to a reallocation of the time saved to productive activities, and result in increased incomes. Using the national ARIS/REDS panel data of the NCAER we show that political reservations in the local government for vulnerable groups like scheduled castes and tribes, and women lead to greater local government investments in water supply and improved management. Political reservations are shown to increase the time spent by women in all productive activities, especially in selfemployment in farm and non-farm activities. Increases in self-employment are shown to have the greatest impact among the productive activities on household incomes. We show that reservations also increase the wages that women receive in the rural non-farm labor market, which suggests that they reduce discrimination against women in labor markets.Item Accumulation regimes, labour market and inequality : the Brazilian case in a long-term perspective; Brazilian paper C (annex 7)(Institute for Human Development, New Delhi, IN, 2014-05) de Freitas Barbosa, Alexandre; Cacciamali, Maria CristinaCapital intensiveness rises in dynamic sectors, yet without generating institutionalized commitments capable of passing on productivity gains, as became evident during the military regime. The subsequent establishment of a wage labor relation, was “highly competitive, segmented, and permanently monitored by the State”. Mobility and inequality were at the core of the transformation of the Brazilian social structure throughout the accelerated industrialization period. Both are, in turn, the outcome and the structuring force of the regime of accumulation set up during the military regime, at a time when inequality was steadily rising and social mobility was seriously constrained.Item Achieving a sustainable automotive sector in Asia and the Pacific : challenges and opportunities for the reduction of vehicle CO2 emissions(ARTNeT, United Nations ESCAP, 2011-12) Abe, MasatoThe present status of various alternative drive trains and fuel types as well as their combinations are summarized, as well as targeted policy and regulatory options for reducing CO2 emissions. Challenges facing the development of new drive train technologies and use of alternative fuels are posed by high investment costs associated with research, production and infrastructure development. Switching from internal combustion engines to electronic motors would sharply reduce energy demand and lower CO2 emissions from vehicles. Most urgent for governments in the region is development of guidelines for coordinated CO2 related taxation; as well as establishing regional fuel efficiency standards.Item Addressing non-tariff measures in ASEAN(ARTNeT, United Nations ESCAP, 2013-09) Pasadilla, Gloria O.Since ASEAN embarked on the elimination of non-tariff barriers, four mutual recognition agreements have been signed. Increasing dependence of ASEAN member economies on each other for trade necessitates evaluation of member non-tariff measures on various products. Intra-ASEAN‘s tariff reduction program has influenced growth in intra-ASEAN trade but to accelerate further regional integration, remaining impediments in the form of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) need to be addressed. For instance, technical regulations and quality standards affect vehicles (auto) and electrical machinery and equipment in Indonesia; pharmaceutical products in Thailand; both cosmetic and pharmaceutical products in Vietnam, and prepared foodstuffs in Malaysia.Item Addressing unpaid care for economic empowerment of women and girls : a broad based consultation on the care economy for the UN High Level Panel on Women's Economic Empowerment(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2016-06) Chopra, Deepta; Nazneen, SohelaWith more women engaged in the labour force, and men not participating in care work, adolescents and elder women are often required to carry out the majority of care work tasks, which impedes their time and infringes their human rights, restricting generational sustainability of economic empowerment initiatives. In a vicious circle, the same inputs of training and education have to be provided again to the next generation of women – the girls who had to drop out of initiatives to provide care services. Summaries of 50 case studies are presented, as well as a position paper on main issues and recommendations, and a summary paper regarding women’s economic empowerment.Item Adjusting to Chinese ascendancy in the global clothing industry : dimensions, variations, sources and limits of post-MFA stabilisation in African clothing exports; final technical report (20 March 2010 to 30 September 2012)(Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KE, 2012-10) McCormick, DorothyPolitical stability emerged as a crucial precondition for participation in some clothing industry markets. China’s rise is important to African producers, but China is only part of Africa’s post-MFA story. The Multi-fibre Arrangement (MFA) governed world trade in textiles from 1974-2005. Firms in this study’s countries compete with those from a number of countries other than China in specific markets. Moreover, it is clear that internal conditions moderate the effects of global markets. Favourable macroeconomic and industrial policies have contributed to export stabilization during the post MFA period, but policies alone do not seem to be enough. Other conditions require examination.Item Aging, economic growth, and old-age security in Asia(Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012) Park, Donghyun; Sang-Hyop Lee; Mason, AndrewPopulation aging is perhaps the single biggest economic and social obstacle confronting Asia's future. The region-wide demographic transition towards an older population is fundamentally reshaping the demographic landscape, and is giving rise to two key socio-economic challenges. This timely book provides an in-depth analysis of these challenges and presents concrete policy options for tackling them. First, the expert contributors argue, Asia must find ways to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of less favorable demographics, which implies slower growth of the workforce. Second, they contend, Asia must find ways to deliver affordable, adequate, and sustainable old-age economic security for its growing elderly population. Underpinned by rigorous analysis, a wide range of concrete policy options for sustaining economic growth while delivering economic security for the elderly are then presented. These include Asia-wide policy options - relevant to the entire region - such as building up strong national pension systems, while other policy options are more relevant to sub-groups of countries. This stimulating and informative book will be of great interest to academics, students, and researchers with an interest in Asian studies, economics generally, and, more specifically, public sector economics.Item Ahorros derivados de la introducción de TICs en las compras gubernamentales : metodología y estudio de los casos de Paraguay y Uruguay(Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, AR, 2011-11) Osimani, Rosa; Berretta, Nora; Failde, Alicia; Servín, BelénItem ALCA : evaluación del gobierno y del sector productivo de Brasil(Red Mercosur,, 2003-07) Bosco M. Machado, João; Ferraz, GalenoItem Aligning with one’s own : private voting and public outcomes in rural elections; some evidence from India(National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), New Delhi, IN, 2012-12) Jha, Raghbendra; Nagarajan, Hari K.; Pradhan, Kailash C.Identity based voting is a second best solution adopted by households to minimize the negative effects of one’s own identity and (or) identity based coalitions. If a significant source of household welfare is one’s identity or, membership in ethnically defined groups, then politics that results will be parochial in nature. In parochial politics voting along ethnic lines becomes a significant tool for gaining welfare or to discipline the elected representatives. Using newly available data from rural India, we establish that identity based voting will lead to enhanced participation in welfare programs and increased consumption growth. The paper is able to able to show that identity based voting results from the externalities derived from membership in social and information networks, and such voting by enhancing participation in welfare programs leads to significant increases in household consumption growth.Item América Latina frente a China como potencia económica mundial(Red Mercosur, 2011-10) Uval, NataliaEste informe analiza la relación comercial de América Latina (AL) con China y cómo la emergencia de este país como potencia mundial afecta el comercio exterior y la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) que reciben los países latinoamericanos. Es una síntesis del libro “América Latina frente a China como potencia económica mundial: exportaciones e inversión extranjera” (Gustavo Bittencourt, coordinador; Red de Investigaciones Económicas del Mercosur, 2010). Allí se evalúan las políticas de promoción de exportaciones y de IED de China y su desempeño en relación con las economías latinoamericanas, y se analiza especialmente la competencia de China con la región en terceros mercados y la competencia por la captación de IED. Se concluye que el patrón de comercio exterior de la región con China se caracteriza por una alta concentración de las exportaciones en materias primas con bajo contenido tecnológico, que existe un creciente déficit comercial bilateral con China de los países de la región, especialmente de México y América Central, y que el país asiático supone una amenaza para el comercio de los países latinoamericanos con terceros mercados. Estos indicadores confirman que la emergencia de China como potencia genera interrogantes y preocupaciones para el desarrollo latinoamericano, que deben abordarse con una agenda regional hasta ahora inexistente.Item Análisis del ejercicio de funciones regulatorias por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República Argentina a través del estudio del caso Matanza Riachuelo(2014-06) Lebensohn, Florencia DeliaEste trabajo de investigación analiza el rol de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República Argentina (la “Corte”) como instancia máxima de uno de los poderes del Estado que, en supuestos de excepción, ejerce funciones regulatorias y sienta los cimientos de regímenes generales para el cumplimiento de fines de alto interés público.Item Analyse des déterminants de la performance des entreprises en Afrique Subsaharienne francophone : cas du Sénégal; rapport final(Laboratoire de Recherches Économiques et Monétaires, 2015-06) Diene, Mbaye; Dieng, Seydi Ababacar; Drame, Kandioura; Fall, MomarItem Analysis of export and import processes of selected products in Thailand(ARTNeT, United Nations ESCAP, 2011-06) Keretho, Somnuk; Naklada, SaisamornThe study focused on the export of sugar, and of parts for electronic devices, because these products are two of Thailand’s highest-performing exports. Trade documents should be examined and revised to reduce redundancy. Steps should be taken to investigate how to reduce costs for preparing, sending and receiving documents as well as the arrangement of inland transport. The study examined the processes involved in the import of raw materials (for electronic devices) in order to give due attention to both sides of trade transaction, and to illustrate the complex procedural requirements and interactions between the agencies that sustain global supply chainsItem Are there pecuniary compensations for working conditions?(Elsevier, 2009) Fernández, Rosa M.; Nordman, Christophe J.In this paper we assess the relative contribution of working conditions to wage determination with an emphasis on differences along the earnings distribution. A survey of British employees in 2001 rich in questions regarding the job post enables us to separate the contribution of working conditions, job attributes and individual characteristics to the process of wage determination. Standard wage equations reveal that covariates such as having “repetitive job” and using generic skills such as “literacy” or “customer handling skills” are associated with significant premiums and penalties. Quantile regressions confirm the presence of penalties to poor working conditions, such as “working to tight deadlines”, that are significant in the middle section of the earnings distribution and robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls for person, firm and other job characteristics. Counterfactual decompositions at quantiles show that, despite the apparent penalty, there are pecuniary compensations to poor working conditions around the first quartile and the median of the earnings distribution.Item Are you being MRV’D? : seeing like a planet and the regulatory challenges of governing climate change policy in emerging economies(2014) Morgan, BronwenThis conference paper addresses new forms of climate change governance and how they differ from traditional approaches. It focuses on understanding the emerging shape and content of systems of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV systems) of progress on carbon reduction goals that are being established at both national and international levels. In essence these are bottom-up approaches that seek to avoid the risks of stalled global treaty negotiations, while continuing to build a new more inclusive North-South basis. The paper explores three regulatory challenges of the ‘bottom-up’ approach, and how MRV systems can facilitate new governance relationships.