Climate Change / Changements climatiques
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Goal
The goal of the Climate Change program is to support partnerships and networks that build evidence for solutions and the use of technology to generate social and economic gains and guard against future climate impacts.
The program has three priorities:
- Generate new knowledge and inform policy in hotspots vulnerable to climate change
- Increase the resilience of small and medium-sized cities to climate change paying particular attention to reducing the vulnerability of women; and
- Facilitate the financing of climate adaptation strategies, especially from private sources.
Objectif
L’objectif du programme Changements climatiques consiste à appuyer des partenariats et des réseaux visant à rassembler des données probantes pour trouver des solutions et utiliser les technologies en vue d’obtenir des gains sociaux et économiques et d’atténuer les effets des changements climatiques pour l’avenir.
Le programme vise à respecter les trois priorités suivantes :
- produire de nouvelles connaissances et orienter les politiques dans les zones les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques;
- augmenter la résilience des villes petites et moyennes à l’égard des changements climatiques en mettant l’accent sur la réduction de la vulnérabilité des femmes;
- faciliter le financement de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques, en particulier de sources privées.
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- ItemGeneral assessment of immunocompetence by nutritional classification(Centro Internacional de Investigaciones Médicas?, Cali?, 1982) Fundación Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas; Saravia, N.G.
- ItemGrassroots voices : food sovereignty(Routledge, 2004) Patel, Raj
- ItemJuriBurkina : Centre d'information juridique; rapport technique provisoire(2004) Coulibaly, Bobson; Lemyre, Pierre-Paul
- ItemExploring the definition of adaptive policies : project paper #1(2005) Barg, Stephan; Swanson, Darren; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Bhandari, Preety; Drexhage, John
- ItemDesigning policies that can adapt to a world of uncertainty, change and surprise : adaptive policymaking for agriculture and water resources; interim technical report, Apr. 1 - Sept. 30, 2005(International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, MB, CA, 2005) International Institute for Sustainable Development; Energy and Resources Institute; Barg, S.; Drexhage, J.; Swanson, D.; Venema, H.; Bhadwal, S.
- ItemClimate change impacts and adaptation in Kenya(University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KE, 2005) Odingo, Richard S.
- ItemCoping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa : a dress rehearsal for adapting to future climate change?(International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), 2006) Cooper, P.J.M.; Dimes, J.; Rao, K.P.C.; Shapiro, B.; Shiferaw, B.; Twomlow, S.Far greater investment in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is essential if chronic food shortages and poverty are to be reduced and progress towards the Millennium Development Goals is to be achieved. However, in such systems, rainfall variability is the fundamental factor that defines production uncertainty, and whilst farmers have learned to cope with current climatic variability, they and many associated potential investors are ‘risk averse’ and over-estimate the impact of rainfall variability on crop and livestock production. As a result they are reluctant to make such investments when the outcomes seem so uncertain from year to year. Climate change will result in even greater rainfall variability in many parts of SSA and can only exacerbate this situation. However, unless the livelihoods of resource poor farmers and the natural resource base upon which they depend are made more resilient though coping better with current climate variability, the challenge of adapting to future climate change will be daunting for most and perhaps impossible for many. ICRISAT is helping to bring together a consortium of national, regional and international partners that will bring new and proven climate risk management tools to address the concerns of farmers and stakeholder investors and will help them build strategic and tactical climate risk management approaches into their planning and activities. Indeed, if a better understanding of the constraints and opportunities of climatically induced risk is not provided to key stakeholders and farmers alike, investment in the rain-fed agricultural sector in SSA is likely to remain at its current low and inadequate level resulting in persistent poverty and vulnerability of rural populations. The Consortium experts are convinced that the successful application of these approaches will, by 2015, have facilitated and guided agricultural investments that will play a major role in moving towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and in answering Secretary Kofi Annan’s call for a truly African Green Revolution.
- ItemDesigning policies in a world of uncertainty, change, and surprise : adaptive policy-making for agriculture and water resources in the face of climate change; phase I research report(International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Winnipeg, MB, CA, 2006) The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI); International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
- ItemCCAA : concrete examples of increased coping strategies(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2006) International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
- ItemACCA : exemples concrets de stratégies d'apatation soutenues(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2006) Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI)
- ItemFertilizer vs. organic matter contributions to nitrogen leaching in cropping systems of the Pampas: 15N application in field lysimeters(2006) Portela, Silvina I; Andriulo, Adrián E; Sasal, Marýa C; Mary, Bruno; Jobbagy, Esteban GNitrogen (N) export from soils to streams and groundwater under the intensifying cropping schemes of the Pampas is modest compared to intensively cultivated basins of Europe and North America; however, a slow N enrichment of water resources has been suggested. We (1) analyzed the fate of fertilizer N and (2) evaluated the contribution of fertilizer and soil organic matter (SOM) to N leaching under the typical cropping conditions of the Pampas. Fertilizer N was applied as 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate to corn (in a corn/soybean rotation) sown under zero tillage in filled-in lysimeters containing two soils of different texture representative of the Pampean region (52 and 78 kg N ha-1, added to the silt loam and sandy loam soil, respectively). Total fertilizer recovery at corn harvest averaged 84 and 64% for the silt loam and sandy loam lysimeters, respectively. Most fertilizer N was removed with plant biomass (39%) or remained immobilized in the soil (29 and 15%, for the silt loam and sandy loam soil, respectively) whereas its loss through drainage was negligible (<0.01%).We presume that the unaccounted fertilizer N losses were related to volatilization and denitrification. Throughout the corn growing season, subsequent fallow and soybean crop, which took place during an exceptionally dry period, the fertilizer N immobilized in the organic pool remained stable, and N leaching was scarce (7.5 kg N ha-1), similar at both soils, and had a low contribution of fertilizer N (0–3.5%), implying that >96% of the leached N was derived fromSOMmineralization. The inherent highSOM of Pampean soils and the favorable climatic conditions are likely to propitiate year-round production of nitrate, favoring its participation in crop nutrition and leaching. The presence of 15N in drainage water, however, suggests that fertilizer N leaching could become significant in situations with higher fertilization rates or more rainy seasons.
- ItemDesigning policies in a world of uncertainty, change and surprise : adaptive policy-making for agriculture and water resources in the face of climate change; phase I research report – executive summary(International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Winnipeg, MB, CA, 2006) Swanson, Darren; Kelkar, Ulka; International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD); The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
- ItemAdaptation aux changements climatiques en Afrique (ACCA) Conseil consultatif(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2006) Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI)
- ItemCambios en el uso de la tierra en Argentina y Uruguay : marcos conceptuales para su análisis(2006) Paruelo, J.M.; Guerschman, J.P.; Piñeiro, G.; Jobbágy, E.G.; Verón, S.R.; Baldi, G.; Baeza, S.El ser humano modifica el territorio para llevar a cabo actividades productivas o construir viviendas. Estas modificaciones producen importantes cambios en la estructura y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, afectando en última instancia la propia calidad de vida de las personas. En este artículo en primer término describimos algunos de los cambios ocurridos en el uso de la tierra en buena parte de Argentina y Uruguay. Utilizamos conjuntamente información aportada por estadísticas oficiales de ambos países y datos resultantes del procesamiento y clasificación de imágenes satelitales. Nuestros análisis muestran que tanto el área agrícola como forestal se han expandido en los últimos años. En Argentina, la mayor expansión la tuvieron los cultivos anuales (desde un 4% a un 14.3%, entre 1988 y 2002) y particularmente la soja, tanto en la provincia de Buenos Aires como en las provincias del Norte Argentino. En Uruguay la mayor expansión entre los censos de 1990 y 2000, estuvo dada por los cultivos forestales, los cuales llegaron a ocupar más del 35 % del área de algunas secciones censales. Luego del 2000, la expansión de la soja también afectó el litoral uruguayo, donde varias secciones censales aumentaron su área de soja a tasas cercanas al 5% anual. En segundo término, presentamos el marco conceptual a los efectos de entender los procesos que determinan estos cambios y examinar su dinámica espacial y temporal. En base a este marco conceptual es posible modelar los cambios en el uso de la tierra a partiendo de la probabilidad de transición entre usos. Los controles de estas transiciones pueden ser ambientales (por ej. tipos de suelos, clima, etc.), económicos (por ej. margen bruto, precios internacionales, etc), sociales (por ej. disponibilidad de mano de obra, tenencia de la tierra, etc.), o políticos (por ej. la ley forestal, política impositiva, líneas de créditos, etc.). Finalmente usando la idea de servicios ecosistémicos presentamos un marco conceptual para la planificación del uso de la tierra considerando sus impactos ambientales, sociales, económicos y políticos.
- ItemManuel de formation aux changements climatiques(AGRHYMET, Niamey, NE, 2007) AGRHYMET (Centre Regional de Formation et d'Application en Agrométéorologie et Hydrologie Opérationnelle); University of Cheikh Anta Dio (UCAD)
- ItemClimate change challenge : implications in development of Southern and Eastern Africa(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Ogallo, Laban A.Africa is the most climate vulnerable continent on the globe. The presentation outlines challenges of climate change in sustainable development in terms of natural hazards, such as cyclones, windstorms, and extreme temperatures. Graphics show distribution of natural disaster fatalities by country and type of phenomenon. The presentation points to future calamities and the need for mitigation strategies.
- ItemIDRC/CCAA Capacity Building Workshop on "Integrated Climate Risk Assessment" : workshop report(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC); University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)
- ItemAdapting locally to global climate change : experiences from rural Africa; dialogue report(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2007) O'Neill, Mary
- ItemIDRC/CCAA Capacity Building Workshop on "Integrated Climate Risk Assessment" : workshop training manual(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC); University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)The Integrated Climate Risk Assessment workshop was held in Nairobi (2007). This manual is a compilation of materials that were used at the workshop. Topics covered in the Modules include: General Concepts of Climate Risk Management; Methods and Tools for Integrated Climate Risk Management; Adaptation strategies; Mainstreaming Climate Risk Management in development policies; Capacity and benefits of CCAA funded projects. The Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) programme aims to significantly improve the capacity of African countries to adapt to climate change in ways that benefit the most vulnerable.