Afailal, HafsaDureid, Muzna2023-01-202023-01-202023-01http://hdl.handle.net/10625/61753Women Human Rights Defenders, Activists, and Peacebuilders (WHRDAPs) are systematically targeted in the MENA region. They face significant violations such as gender-based threats, targeting of family members, harmful anti-gender narratives, state and non-state actors’ hostility, stigmatization and ostracism, harassment, and great exposure to offline and online violence.application/pdfenGENDER-BASED VIOLENCEONLINE VIOLENCEPEACEBUILDINGOPPRESSION OF WOMENCYBERSECURITYSYRIAYEMENMIDDLE EASTPolicy Brief