Bolo, Maurice Ochieng2021-04-292021-04-292020http://hdl.handle.net/10625/59967A review of literature on the average financing for research and development (R&D) in African countries is about 0.5% of GDP. The recommended target is 1% of GDP for Science Granting Councils (SGC). By this estimate all SGCs in Africa are underfunded. In contrast, data reveals that funding for research in OECD countries ranged between 1 – 4% of GDP. However, over two-thirds of African countries have Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) policies and strategies to increase research commitments from national governments. With regard to gender and social inclusion, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Science Granting Councils (SGC) are gradually transitioning towards the status of those in OECD countries.application/pdfenSCIENCE GRANTING COUNCILSFUNDINGRESEARCH CAPACITYSCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIONSOCIAL INCLUSIONGENDER MAINSTREAMINGSOUTH OF SAHARASynthesis Report