Research Results (CLARE) / Résultats de recherches (CLARE)
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Item Designing research to catalyse climate action(Springer Nature, 2021-09-29) Currie-Alder, Bruce; De Souza, Ken ; Biswas, Asit K.; Tortajada, CeciliaClimate action ahead of 2030 requires ambitious research that is fit for purpose: working across scale, creating synergy among cohorts of projects, and enabling capacity to pursue research uptake. Research needs to bridge local and national levels and provide evidence that informs decisions with decadal implications. To become more than the sum of its constituent activities, research programmes and consortia require learning frameworks and equitable partnership among participating organisations. Beyond scholarships and fellowships for training and independent study, exchanges and embedding in real-world settings practical experiences allow people to gain experience beyond academia in diverse host institutions. Greater emphasis needs to be given to the spectrum extending from research to its application, including co-production and knowledge brokering with local people and decision-makers.Item Adaptation pathways to inform policy and practice in the context of development(Elsevier Ltd., 2023-01-03) Sparkes, Edward; Totin, Edmond; Werners, Saskia E.; Wise, Russell M.; Butler, James R.A.; Vincent, KatharineAdaptation pathways are a decision-focused approach to account for future uncertainties and complexities in planning and implementation of adaptation actions. The pathways approach incorporates flexibility into decision making to accommodate for changing conditions over time, and to reduce undesirable path dependencies and maladaptive consequences. While the pathways approach for adaptation planning has received great interest from both climate scientists and practitioners, there has been little specific guidance on how to implement them and how to sustain the resulting outcomes. Accordingly, pathways approaches include diversified methodologies, with scope for reorienting and adjusting methods for different decision contexts. This special issue explores both theoretical and empirical cases of adaptation pathways in different contexts. A learning framework on adaptation pathways has been developed from a systematic review of adaptation literature. In this editorial, the framework is used to characterize the twelve case studies presented in the special issue, followed by a synthesis of lessons which point to some critical research gaps in adaptation pathways.Item Resolving land tenure security is essential to deliver forest restoration(Springer Nature, 2023-05-23) Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy; Rakotoarisoa, Mirindra; Rajaonarivelo, H. Manoa; Raharijaona, Stefana; Jones, Julia P. G.; Hockley , NealTropical countries are making ambitious commitments to Forest Landscape Restoration with the aim of locking up carbon, conserving biodiversity and benefiting local livelihoods. However, global and national analyses of restoration potential frequently ignore socio-legal complexities which impact both the effectiveness and equitability of restoration. We show that areas with the highest restoration potential are disproportionately found in countries with weak rule of law and frequently in those with substantial areas of unrecognized land tenure. Focusing on Madagascar, at least 67% of the areas with highest restoration potential must be on untitled land, where tenure is often unclear or contested, and we show how unresolved tenure issues are one of the most important limitations on forest restoration. This is likely to be a bigger problem than currently recognized and without important efforts to resolve local tenure issues, opportunities to equitably scale up forest restoration globally are likely to be significantly over-estimated.Item Elevated fires during COVID-19 lockdown and the vulnerability of protected areas(Nature, 2022-05-05) Eklund, Johanna; Jones, Julia P. G.; Räsänen, Matti; Geldmann, Jonas; Jokinen, Ari-PekkaThere is little robust, quantitative information on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the extinction crisis. Focusing on Madagascar, one of the world’s most threatened biodiversity hotspots, we explore whether the cessation of on-site protected-area management activities due to the pandemic were associated with increased burning inside protected areas. We identify monthly excess fire anomalies by comparing observed fires with those predicted on the basis of historical and contemporary fire and weather data for all of Madagascar’s protected areas for every month 2012–2020. Through to 2019, excess fire anomalies in protected areas were few, short in duration and, in some years, coincident with social disruption linked to national elections. By contrast, in 2020, COVID-19 meant on-site management of Madagascar’s protected areas was suspended from March to July. This period was associated with 76–248% more fires than predicted, after which burning returned to normal. At a time when international biodiversity conservation faces unprecedented challenges, our results highlight the importance of on-site management for maintaining protected-area integrity.Item Uptake of climate change adaptation research results in South Asia(2022-05-08) Rahman, Munsur; Haque, Anisul; Salehin, Mashfiqus; Rahman, Rezaur; Murshed, Sonia Binte; Nowreen, SaraClimate Resilience and National Resilience programs focus on formulating the Bangladesh National Adaptation Plan (NAP) for long-term adaptation investments and enhancing the national capacity to integrate climate change adaptation (CCA) in planning, budgeting, and financial tracking process. However, these programs and projects need a system-level quantitative tool to assess the requirement for adaptations at different scales and consequently decide on adaptation financing for these programs and projects. The current project is built on the earlier findings of the DECCMA project to address the above issues, with the target to add the necessary refinement through incorporating the equity, accessibility, adequacy, and gender dimensions to be useful at different scales of adaptation for climate change. The Dynamic Adaptation Model (DAM) is a product that has been developed gradually. It can be applied at different scales that can support the different communities and sectorial agencies/departments to guide local and national planning to adaptations while prioritizing in selecting appropriate options in different programs and projects to ensure the efficient use of available resources. DAM is developed based on strong mathematical formulation supported by field evidence. The model is calibrated and validated using field data to quantify the present-day adaptation need and now is being tested for some of the proposed adaptations in the NAP processes to assess its usefulness at the national level. Moreover, it is the home-grown model; therefore, the required customized version for different communities and agencies is possible through updates in the future with its extension for new areal coverage in collaboration with the developers and the alignment of the recent national initiatives. These are the ongoing processes essential to make it worthwhile for the mainstream national adaptation plan that needs further work.Item Climate resilient development pathways in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region(2022-03) Werners, Saskia E.; Shrestha Pradhan, Neera; Shrestha, Suzeena; Syed, Abu; Chowdhury, Sidratun; Bhadwal, Suruchi; Chakravarty, Smita; Jamal, Faiza; Bharti, Neha; Malhotra, Saumya; Biemans, Hester; Gulpen, Marijn; Ahmed, Bashir; Ahmed, Shakil; Khalid Jamil, Muhammad; Abaas, Akhtar; Lamichhane, Nabina; Sparkes, EdwardCommunities throughout the world face substantial challenges in the face of climate change. This is of particular concern in climate change hotspots, especially where extreme climate effects coincide with large numbers of vulnerable and poor people. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is one such climate change hotspot. For development to be sustainable in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, interventions need to include choices and actions that improve livelihoods and alleviate poverty, counteract climate change, are inclusive for the most vulnerable and resilient over time. Climate resilient development pathways present an option to bring together these goals, by consolidating climate action and development choices to generate pathways towards sustainable development.Item CLARE - Ecolimits building ecosystem services for poverty alleviation(2022-01-20) Mason, John; Norris, KenGaining access to long-term production data is one of the biggest challenges to climate change adaptation policy planning. The project team successfully engaged the government in the analysis and review process of the Ghana Cocoa Board’s long-term big data sets (over seventy years of production data at multiple scales). Analysis improved the capacity of key stakeholders to understand the inter-relationships between the environment /climate, farming, and people’s lives and livelihoods. The process helped consolidate in-country partnerships including with the Forestry Commission, Cocoa Board, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Environment Protection Agency, relevant District Assemblies and Tropenbos Ghana.Item Faire progresser l'égalité des genres etl'inclusion sociale grâce à l'action climatique(2021-12) IDRC; Edliadi, MokhamadItem Promover la igualdad de género y la inclusión social a través de la acción climática(2021-12) IDRC; Edliadi, MokhamadItem Enhancing gender equality and social inclusion through climate action(2021-12) IDRC; Edliadi, MokhamadFour entry points for action research emerged from this consultation: an intersectional approach to participatory and inclusive research; integration of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) within climate-resilient development interventions; advancing GESI outcomes by informing institutional and policy action; and enhancing access to resources as well as agency of marginalized groups. Workshop discussions also identified barriers and opportunities to addressing GESI in climate action research, noting that research funding often remains oriented toward scientific achievement and less towards benefitting users.Item Food system research priorities in the context of climate change(2021-11) IDRC; Loke, AtulThis summary encapsulates consultation findings from 40 survey respondents and 23 workshop participants regarding priorities for action oriented research in climate-resilient food systems. (See Annex B for summary tables). Priority areas include: Transforming food systems; Transitions towards agroecology; Supporting health and sustainable diets; Justice, equality and inclusion in food systems; Resilience of smallholder farmers; Planning for climate risk; Reducing emissions. The Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA) needs to balance international collaboration, vs what is done through local, context-specific work.Item Prioridades de investigación sobre lossistemas alimentarios en el contextodel cambio climático(2021-11) IDRC; Loke, AtulItem CLARE consultation : final report(Shift Insight Ltd, 2021-05) Karlin, Lena; Kedros, Jenny; Lauchlan, Elsie; Jones, RhiannonThis is a comprehensive report presenting findings from the consultation phase, to inform the design and development of the new climate and resilience research framework, Climate Adaptation and Resilience / Adaptation aux changements climatiques et résilience (CLARE). The consultation explored approaches to prioritizing research of radically different natures, scopes and impacts. The sentiments of the expert community varied, some preferring a cost-benefit approach, where others, for example, prioritized addressing the urgency of need. Areas underpinning many research gaps are: reliability of science, confidence in data, skills in modelling; assessment and evaluation of evidence, actions and approaches; conducting science across scales and contexts; and synthesis of evidence.Item Trapping, identification and rearing of edible palm weevils in Kenya and Uganda(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2021) Egonyu, J.P.; Gitonga, K.J.; Khamis, F.M.; Copeland, R.S.; Finyange, P.Results of this study can be used to guide an integrated Rhynchophorus phoenicis management system with a dual benefit of protecting plants from a weevil attack, and utilizing the weevils to improve human nutrition. Palm weevil trapping, without insecticides, could double as a pest management technique as well as a source of edible palm weevil. Palm weevils, Rhynchophorus (Coleoptera) are devastating invasive pests of palms, and as well, delicacies in many communities. This study evaluated ethylacetate and 3-methyly-octan-4-ol for trapping palm weevils from coconut, oil and raffia palms in Kenya and Uganda; taking into account the distance of traps on oil palm from a forest of raffia palm.Item In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer(Springer Nature, 2021-07-20) Beesigamukama, Dennis; Mochoge, Benson; Korir, Nicholas; Ghemoh, Changeh J.; Subramanian, Sevgan; Tanga, Chrysantus M.Black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is effective on crop performance, but information on nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release capacity of soils amended with BSFFF is lacking. This study utilized field incubation experiments to investigate the ammonification, nitrification, microbial populations, and quantities of nutrients released by soils amended with BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) for a period equivalent to two maize cropping seasons. The paper provides a detailed breakdown and analysis of results. BSFFF has a high potential to supply adequate nutrients for optimal crop production. Higher population of soil bacteria and fungi underline its potential for improving biological soil fertility.Item Network and bibliometric mapping of climate change adaptation and resilience research(2021-10-29) Science - Metric Inc.This report provides a network analysis of co-authorship characteristics in scientific publishing in the field of climate change adaptation and resilience research. It maps the shape and composition of research networks; in particular, it includes Southern Women researchers/authors/collaborators. Network analysis is used for analysing research portfolios, and increasingly in formal programme assessments. Detailed findings convey a picture of “stratified integration” in the field of ‘climate adaptation and resilience for development’ (CCARD): women account for 33% of publication authorships in the most recent period; Southern authors have a lower average compared to Northern authors, and the gap has increased over time.Item Adaptation research alliance : concept note(2021-07) Adaptation Research AllianceThe Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA) is an integral component of the Adaptation & Resilience (A&R) campaign, one of the priority areas for the COP26. The mission is to accelerate and scale investments in action-orientated research in developing countries. This Policy Brief outlines the scope of the ARA mission and plans for activities in action-based research. The ARA envisions a world by 2030 in which the research community is a highly valued partner to policymakers, practitioners and the most vulnerable communities, and engages effectively for the delivery of innovative, user-driven solutions for adaptation and resilience from the global to local levels.Item Integration of gender equality and social inclusion considerations into CLARE : the ‘what’ and the ‘how’(2021-11-26) Eerdewijk, Anouka van; Bråten, Yngve; Danielsen, KatrineClimate change adaptation research is not apolitical, and seeks to engage with critical gaps, moving forward the gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) typology and integrating it into Climate Adaptation and Resilience (CLARE) programming and research design. A first step in identifying entry points for GESI integration, is to look at ambitions and objectives articulated regarding gender equality and social inclusion. This comprehensive scoping study details GESI ambitions and objectives of CLARE that resonate with IDRC’s outcome and impact-oriented ambitions on gender equality and social inclusion: to improve programme impact, and to strengthen thought leadership in gender focused research through ‘more inclusive and transformative’ programming.Item Pasture production and conservation training manual(2021-09) Oscar, Koech; Kibet, StalineThe manual provides instructions for fodder production and grasslands conservation strategies for community groups to help cushion households from feed/fodder shortages during the dry seasons. The manual is illustrated with photos along with training topics, guidelines and technical knowledge for community pasture producers. The training is planned for five-day learning interactions between trainees and trainers. Drought intensity coupled with climate change have adversely affected livelihoods of pastoral and non-pastoral communities in the Arid and Semi-Arid Land (ASAL) areas of Kenya. This drastically affects forage supply for livestock. Knowledge of fodder types and species adaptation is a necessity.