Basins / Bassins hydrographiques

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    Flexibility in land and water use for coping with rainfall variability
    (2015-12-01) Siderius, Christian
    In this book’s thesis the concept of flexibility is applied to agriculture, with a focus on rainfall variability and resulting water availability as the main uncertainty factors, and land and water as the factors that can be varied. It refers to the ability of farmers and local water managers to seasonally anticipate variations in water availability by changing the cropping type or overall land use practices resulting in a dynamic system of land and water use modifications in two major food producing regions in South Asia and Eastern Africa.
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    Impact of climate change on the hydrology of High Mountain Asia
    (Faculty of Geosciences, Universiteir Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2018-05-10) Lutz, Arthur Friedrich; De Jong, Steven; Rossen, Marjan; Langereis, Cor; De Blok, Jan-Willem
    Mountain ranges in High Mountain Asia (HMA) are the highest on Earth. Combined with monsoon-dominated precipitation regimes, the amount of water generated is particularly vast. As well, HMA has a large volume of water stored as glacier ice. Studies worldwide show that recent increasing temperature trends are stronger for mountainous regions than for other land surfaces. The thesis summarizes current research, discusses hydrological and climate modelling and focuses on changes in overall water availability, seasonal shifts in runoff generation, and changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes in High Mountain Asia.
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    HI-AWARE consortium final technical report 2018
    (HI-AWARE consortium secretariat, 2018-11) Prakash, Anjal; Thomas, Samuel
    How to develop timely adaptation measures and approaches to respond to rising temperatures, seasonal shifts in glacier and snowmelt induced runoff, and increased frequency of extreme events in the HKH mountains and floodplains in order to improve the resilience of livelihoods of the poorest and most vulnerable women, men and children in the region?
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    Reference climate dataset for the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins
    (HI-AWARE, 2016-10) Lutz, Arthur F.; Immerzeel, Walter
    High-altitude climates are particularly uncertain, and commonly used climate datasets are grossly inaccurate at high altitudes. Therefore, a novel reference climate dataset covering the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins has been constructed with a particular focus on improved representation of high-altitude precipitation. This document describes the construction of a historical climate dataset for the IGB river basins, which has been constructed for widespread use in the HI-AWARE project. The dataset covers the period from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2010 with a daily time step and covers the IGB river basins at 10x10 km spatial resolution. Additionally, the upstream parts of the basins are covered at 5x5 km spatial resolution in a separate dataset to account for the larger variability in mountainous terrain. The methods used to generate the dataset have been discussed and the contents of the dataset have been illustrated in this document.
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    Transboundary water governance in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region Beyond the dialectics of conflict and cooperation
    (Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience (HI-AWARE), 2016-12) Shrestha, Ankita; Ghate, Rucha
    The querulous nature of transboundary water governance is as old as the concept and practice of transboundary water management. Its discourse is now overwhelmed by attempts made and lessons learnt in transboundary water management. At the core of the rationale lies the question why countries should collaborate with each other to engage in transboundary alliances. Against this background, this narrative review presents a systematic inquiry into the rationale behind transboundary cooperation in order to reinforce and inform further research on and practice of transboundary water to vernance in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It provides a justification for a pragmatic approach to transboundary water governance that goes beyond the dialectics of conflict and cooperation, particularly for countries in the HKH, where research evidence suggests that such a governance system could have momentous socio-economic as well as political implications.
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    Selection of climate models for developing representative climate projections for the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region
    (2016-04) Lutz, Arthur; Biemans, Hester; ter Maat, Herbert; Veldore, Vidyunmala; Immerzeel, Walter
    In HI-AWARE, both statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques will be used to downscale and bias correct climate model data to higher spatial resolutions. For both approaches, General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) must be selected to either be statistically downscaled or used as boundary and forcing for dynamical downscaling. This report discusses the statistical downscaling component. There are two fundamentally different methods for selecting appropriate GCMs/RCMs. The first approach aims to cover the full envelope of possible futures ranging from dry and cold projections to wet and warm projections, while the second approach selects GCMs/RCMs on the basis of indicators of past performance. Both approaches have their pros and cons, but in the case of the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) the first approach may be preferable as climate models have considerable difficulty in simulating past climate (Turner and Annamalai 2012). In this study, we develop a new method that combines the two existing methods. We aim to select a set of climate models that both cover a wide range of possible futures, but are also able to reproduce the most important processes in the region.
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    2012-2019 Résumé des nouvelles connaissances
    (IRCAA / CARIAA, 2019-02) IRCAA
    Le livret de la série sur les nouvelles connaissances de l’IRCAAA donne un aperçu des principales idées qui se sont dégagées de l’IRCAAA, sur les sujets les plus pertinents pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques, y compris: réchauffement de + 1.5°C, migrations, a l’équité sociale et l’égalité entre les sexes, adaptation efficace, et recherches en action.
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    Classification of adaptation measures and criteria for evaluation Case studies in the Indus River-Basin
    (Himalayan Adaptation, Water and Resilience Research (HI-AWARE), 2017-11) Ishaq, Sultan; Ahmad, Bashir; Kamran, Ali; Raza, Nelufar; Ahmed Khan, Muneeb; Tahir Virk, Zeeshan; Doger, Salar Saeed; Khalid Jamil, Muhammad; Mustafa, Naveed; Mahmood, Talha; Hassan, Masooma
    This working paper is aimed at finding out the climate change adaptations going on across the three HI-AWARE Project Sites in Indus Basin, namely Hunza (High mountains), Soan Basin (Mid hill) and Chaj Doab ( Flood plains). Both autonomous and planned adaptations have been enlisted after thoroughly reviewing published and grey literature. Some focus group discus-sions and key informant interviews were also held in order to know about people experiences, perceptions and existing practices that they are carrying out to sustain their livelihood.
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    Assessing costs and benefits of climate change adaptation
    (HI-AWARE Consortium Secretariat, 2016-09) Dasgupta, Purnamita
    This paper provides a review of existing studies of the region and an assessment of climate-related risks for different climate change scenarios. This is an essential step towards understanding what adaptation measures are required in the region, and how effective these are likely to be, including their cost effectiveness. Risk has been defined in various ways in the literature. Risks for disaster contexts typically refer to the likelihood of severe alterations in normal functioning traceable to a hazardous event, when physical hazards combine with socioeconomic vulnerabilities and lead to widespread adverse outcomes.
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    Water for growth and development in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna basins : an economic perspective
    (International Journal of River Basin Management, 2015-03) Rasul, Golam
    The Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna (GBM) river system flows through five countries – Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal – characterized by large population, limited land resources, and frequent floods and natural hazards. Although the GBM region is well endowed with water sources, this is one of the poorest regions in the world. Its economy and human and environmental health depend on water, and water is thus at the heart of sustainable development, economic growth, and poverty reduction. This paper examines the opportunities for, and potential socio-economic benefits of, water resource management in the GBM region in the face of changing climate. It argues that water can be an entry point for addressing challenges common to the region, particularly through multi-purpose river projects that store monsoon water, mitigate the effects of floods and droughts, augment dry season river flows, expand irrigation and navigation facilities, generate hydropower, and enhance energy and environmental security. The paper emphasizes the importance of effective regional cooperation in water management to achieve these benefits. Upstream–downstream interdependencies necessitate development of a shared river system in an integrated and collaborative manner.
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    Adaptation policy and practice in densely populated glacier-fed river basins of South Asia : a systematic review
    (Springer, 2015) Sud, Ridhima; Mishra, Arabinda; Varma, Navarun; Bhadwal, Suruchi
    Rivers are the cultural, social and economic backbone of South Asia. Himalayan glaciers provide source water for Asian river systems, irrigating millions of hectares of fields, and supporting close to a billion people who live in their catchments. This paper reviews literature for three major glacier-fed river systems of South Asia—Brahmaputra, Ganga and Indus—to understand governance mechanisms for climate adaptation in the region. Policy ambiguity at the national level in Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan raises questions about the capacity of the region to operationalize principles of adaptive governance. Better seasonal climate information and flood risk maps are essential.