Urban and Peri-urban Water and Sanitation / Eau et assainissement urbain et péri-urbain

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    Flooding in the suburbs of Dakar : impacts on the assets and adaptation strategies of households or communities
    (International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2015) Cissé, Oumar; Sèye, Moustapha
    Since 2005, Senegal has experienced severe and recurrent flooding. In Pikine, the most populous suburb of Dakar, the 2009 floods affected a third of the population. The government mobilized major investment for drainage and water retention infrastructure, as well as for development of resettlement sites for affected households. However, little is known about the responses, expectations and solutions of those affected. To address this gap we examine the experiences of people living in the commune of Yeumbeul Nord in the city of Pikine around the flood events of 2005, 2009 and 2012. In response to flood hazard and its impact, local residents developed a set of actions to preserve their housing, workplace, goods, family health and security, and children’s schooling. Household mobilization was focused on flood water management and physical adaptations, including raising septic tanks and toilets. Affected households preferred the strategy of housing upgrading and neighbourhood improvement over the option of resettlement.
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    Ouaga focus, no. 4, 2014 / L'accès à l'eau en zone non lotie : la réalité cachée
    (Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Université de Ouagadougou, 2014) Université de Ouagadougou. Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP)
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    Ouaga focus, no. 4, 2014 / Access to water in informal settlements : the hidden reality
    (Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), University of Ouagadougou, 2014) University of Ouagadougou. Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP)
    The Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance (Ouaga-HDSS) selected areas to study problems of the urban poor, and to test innovative programs aiming to promote their well-being. This study focuses on urban populations’ access to water, including distance covered to fetch water. In three informal settlements monitored by the project, one in five households did not have access to an improved water source. Among households supplied through a collective water source such as a stand pipe or borehole, approximately half of the populations surveyed did not have access to basic minimum requirements.
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    Multi-actor flood governance in Cape Town's informal settlements unpacking the barriers to collaborative governance
    (ICLEI, 2014) Waddell, J.; Ziervogel, G.
    This conference paper suggests that unclear roles and responsibilities, lack of monitoring mechanisms, unclear definitions of flooding, and lack of human resources are significant barriers to collaborative flood governance in Cape Town. It draws on qualitative data collected in Cape Town as part of a broader research project to understand how floods are managed in the city’s high flood-risk informal settlements. Although cooperation to prevent disaster is the ideal– in practice it is difficult to achieve between multiple actors with diverse interests and capacities. This research formed part of the broader Flooding in Cape Town under Climate Risk (FliCCR) project.
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    Mapping and measuring social vulnerabilities of coastal areas of Bangkok and periphery
    (ICLEI, 2014) Marome, W.A.
    Disaster risk management has begun to prioritize interaction between social systems and infrastructure. This approach acknowledges societal and environmental practices that can influence the resilience of communities. The importance of social capital and its link with vulnerability at the most local level is addressed in this paper. Social vulnerabilities are discussed in terms of risk variables related to floods, and socioeconomic change as a result of urbanization. Social capital is treated as a measure of reduction of precondition to risk. By considering societal structures (i.e. community cooperation or its lack) as factors of vulnerability, resilience and sustainability can be promoted.
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    Adapting to flooding impacts in Yeumbeul Nord, a suburb of Dakar, Senegal : generation of knowledge and of mapping data at the crossroads of a need for the territorialization of spatialized phenomena
    (ICLEI, 2014) Kedowide, C.M.G.; Cissé, O.
    The pilot project on the Yeumbeul Nord Commune faced unavailability of spatialized data, without which a flood analysis could not be done. Therefore, the approaches and tools used for the territorialisation of the project included co-construction of basic maps, localization in the Global Positioning System and use of the geographic information system (GIS).
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    Addressing water stress through wastewater reuse : complexities and challenges in Bangalore, India
    (ICLEI, 2014) Jamwal, P.; Thomas, B.K.; Lele, S.; Srinivasan, V.
    The paper argues that upstream waste water re-use (WWRU) may not be as straightforward as city planners assume. Potential impacts downstream and the techno-institutional context need to be addressed with WWRU as one strategy to reduce water stress. Three challenges with WWRU are discussed using data from the study of wastewater treatment, an analysis of ongoing debates regarding the scale of treatment, and an ongoing study of the downstream uses and impacts of polluted water. Bangalore’s wastewater enters the Vrishabhavathy and the Pinakini river basins in almost equal quantities. This study focuses on the Vrishabhavathy River.
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    Beyond city limits : using a basin perspective to assess urban adaptation to climate change; the case of the city of Santiago in Chile
    (ICLEI, 2014) Vicuña, S.; Bonelli, S.; Bustos, E.; Uson, T.
    The main source of water supply for Santiago, Chile is the Maipo River, which is expected to have reduced water availability due to climate change. The paper presents a conceptual model to assess adaptation options available both within and beyond city limits by considering the river basin in which the city is located. When looking at a basin scale, there seems to be a broader set of adaptation options if a city lies closer to the basin outlet than if located nearer the headwaters. Also noteworthy is that Chile´s water system grants private ownership of water.
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    Vers une collectivité productive à Malika (Sénégal) : une expérience d'aménagement participatif; rapport technique final (1 octobre 2008 au 31 mars 2013)
    (École d'architecture, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CA, 2013-07) Casault, André; Piché, Denise
    Ce rapport fait état d’un projet de recherche-action d’une durée de quatre années, mené à Malika, une commune de la banlieue de Dakar. Ce projet porte sur l’aménagement participatif d’un cadre bâti sain, durable, inclusif et culturellement adapté pour soutenir des collectivités productives en périphérie urbaine, là où la production agricole et la nature doivent s’harmoniser avec une urbanisation souvent informelle. En plus de documenter la forme et l’évolution des milieux informels et les dynamiques d’aménagement qui y sont à l’oeuvre, le projet a déployé, dans le quartier jouxtant la seule décharge de Dakar, une stratégie et divers outils d’aménagement participatif en vue d’une plus grande prise en charge par la collectivité de l’aménagement de son milieu de vie. Il a aussi mené trois projets laboratoires afin d’étudier les effets de transformations du cadre bâti sur les pratiques productives et le bien-être, ainsi que la durabilité et l’efficacité des pratiques constructives et aménagistes : il s’agit de la Maison des femmes de Malika, des porcheries domestiques du quartier Santiaba et de l’espace public du quartier Diamalaye. Les résultats mettent en évidence la complexité des dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans les milieux dits informels, la nécessité d’adapter tous les cadres d’intervention aux pratiques qui y ont cours et le potentiel de transformation des pratiques constructives sans générer de coûts supplémentaires pour les ménages. Ils questionnent également les logiques de projets de développement et des approches participatives selon l’échelle de l’intervention visée et comment elle se déploie dans le temps. La diffusion des résultats prend la forme de films, d’expositions, de guides d’intervention, de livres pour enfants, en plus de communications et de publications universitaires.
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    Synthesis of findings and assessment of gaps in research and policy : urban areas, agriculture and health
    (Future Agricultures, University of Sussex, Brighton, GB, 2014-08) Naess, Lars Otto; Jalloh, Abdulai; Faye, Mbène Dièye; Njoya, Aboubakar; Roy-Macauley, Harold
    Linkages between research and policy are determined by a complex set of factors, including how the issue is framed, how it enters the policy processes, and importantly, who supports or champions particular actions or types of interventions. The report documents how and to what extent climate change and urban, health, and agricultural concerns have been integrated, both in climate change specific policies and in respective sector policies. There is a need for more focus on gender‐sensitive approaches to interventions on climate and health in cross‐sectoral disaster risk reduction and preventive health strategies.
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    Review of research and policies for climate change adaptation in urban areas of West Africa
    (Future Agricultures, University of Sussex, Brighton, GB, 2014-04) Sanni, Maruf; Jalloh, Abdulai; Diouf, Aliou
    Because the people who are directly impacted by climate change are ‘local’, as such, adaptation strategies to increase resilience of vulnerable populations must also be ‘local’. This should be carried out within the context of urban climate change frameworks and dynamics. The scope of this report is to review climate change adaptation research and policy pertaining to the urban sector, including the relationships between water resources and gender in the West African sub-region.
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    Managing water at the urban-rural interface : the key to climate change resilient cities (URAdapt) : final technical report
    (International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Accra, Ghana, 2013-07) Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Moges, Semu; Sahilu, Geremew; Bayrau, Alebel; Amisigo, Barnabas; Akoto-Danso, Edmund Kyei
    Urban centres rely on outlying rural areas, particularly where they supply water and food for cities. Simultaneously, resilience strategies must account for the relationships between multiple water-use sectors. Cities in developing countries of the world are confronted with the dual problem of dealing with impacts of climate change and anthropogenic effects of expansion of the built environment, while being less enabled technically, institutionally, and policy wise to address climate change. The project examines impacts of climatic and demographic changes on urban water resources management in Accra, Ghana and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and works to develop a strategic framework for action.
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    Improving flood management planning in Thailand : a case of Chao Phraya river basin
    (Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), 2013) Poapongsakorn, Nipon; Limskul, Atsmon
    Severe flooding occurred during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand with floods soon spreading through the provinces ; 65 of Thailand's 76 provinces were declared flood disaster zones. The government’s response largely on “physical infrastructure” paid inadequate attention to the issues of “soft infrastructure” particularly the socio‐economic impact, land‐use patterns and water management institutional arrangements. These are the main focus of the presentation and analysis. Institutions at the national level are broken down in terms of legislation, organizational structure, tasks, and performance. Institutional reforms are the next step.
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    Communicating climate change risks for adaptation in coastal and delta communities in Vietnam - the case of policy makers in Quy Nhon City
    (National Institute for Science and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies, 2013) Tan Sinh, Bach; Quynh Anh, Nguyen
    The presentation consists of communication to policy makers in Quy Nhon City regarding flooding and urban development. Recommendations include: Use participatory models of communication; Use local stories and examples as much as possible; Work through local partners; Build on what people already know/understand; Be conscious of gender.
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    Post Indus flood research
    (Institute of Social and Environmental Transition, PK, 2013) Khan, Fawad
    The presentation reports on surveys and studies to identify critical systems for increasing resilience to climate change disasters such as floods. Results identify under-serviced areas/populations (using the census of this area in Pakistan). The study tables results of a survey documenting service availability differential between resilient and vulnerable groups (factoring quantity, quality, time) and identifying critical services that build resilience. There are no generic solutions to vulnerability, however development interventions can increase resilience if context is considered.
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    Climate change policy making : case study of Nepal's LAPA; connecting research and policy
    (ISET-Nepal, 2013) Dixit, Ajaya
    National programmes do not reach the local level for effective action and hence will not reach the most vulnerable people. Nepal is fourth in terms of international climate change vulnerability. In terms of local adaptation planning action (LAPA), the presentation advocates for a systems approach to help understand power balance and imbalances and social differentials; to generate and integrate ideas; and to engage in constructive dialogue.
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    Climate change and water governance in Cambodia
    (Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI), 2013) Chem, Phalla; Kim, Sour
    The presentation looks at climate change adaptation from the perspective of how change in natural and human systems determine vulnerability and adaptive capacity of rural populations and the government responses. It analyzes the institutional and policy level frameworks that impinge on water governance, using the case of Tonle Sap lake. A unique multi‐partner project is by far the most difficult process towards resilience, and poses an important challenge for coordination, but the presentation considers it the most workable for policy influence.
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    Coastal mega-cities at risk
    (Manila Observatory, 2013) Loyzaga, Antonia Y.
    The presentation provides an in-depth report on groundwater usage and changes in the urban population of Metro Manila with parallel changes of supply and demand on a diminishing watershed. Increased climate change vulnerability is determined by socioeconomic development impacts and interactions with natural climate variations (rainfall, monsoons), as well as human-caused climate change which cumulatively add up to influence disaster risk.