East Africa / Afrique de l'Est
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Item Villagization and access to water resources in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia : implications for climate change adaptation(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-12-17) Degefu, Mekonnen Adnew; Assen, Mohammed; Satyal, Poshendra; Jessica, BuddsSince the 1970s, the Government of Ethiopia has implemented villagization, whereby nomadic pastoralist groups are supported to develop sedentary lifestyles and livelihoods. Recently, villagization was reintroduced for arid and semi-arid regions as a strategy for adaptation to climate change, and as part of the country’s green growth agenda. The paper evaluates to what extent this phase of villagization has contributed to adaptation strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in the Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. It argues that villagization may play a role in some aspects of adaptation, if programmes address the drivers of livelihood change, and embed equity and rights.Item NDC highlights newsletter : volume 1 number 1(Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020-06) Gebre, Negus; Gashaw, Tesfaye; Hedeto, Muluneh; Redda, Robi; Dessie, Mensur; Andoshe, Mohammed; Andargatchew, ArsemaNationally Determined Contributions (NDC) partnership newsletter, “NDC Highlights” is a bimonthly newsletter of the Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission, focusing on disseminating information and knowledge on the implementation of Ethiopia’s NDC. This issue of the newsletter reviews the Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy (CRGE), assessment report recommendations. Ethiopia developed CRGE, which set country policy for low-carbon, climate-resilient growth and development. CRGE has been mainstreamed in the national Growth and Transformation Plan and operationalized with a CRGE Facility for funding projects that support CRGE principles. The CRGE also forms the basis for Ethiopia's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).Item Planning for climate change in the semi-arid regions of East Africa - June 2015(Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions (ASSAR), 2015-06) Over the next 50 years, the semi-arid regions of East Africa are expected to become hotter, with more wet extremes. These climate changes will compound existing developmental pressures. Climate changes – including increased frequency and intensity of droughts and floods – are predicted to negatively impact food security, economic growth, infrastructure and human health.Item Climate change, ecosystem services and adaptation in East Africa's semi-arid regions early diagnostics of critical knowledge(Adaptation at scale in semi-arid regions (ASSAR), 2016-01) McGahey, DanielThe policy brief highlights some key regional diagnostic study (RDS) findings and describes their implications on ecosystem services as part of ASSAR’s (Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions) long-term research agenda. Limits to adaptation at the regional level result from the dynamic interaction between biophysical and socio-economic constraints; yet in many socio-ecological contexts these barriers remain poorly understood. In East Africa, adaptation initiatives are still very much directed towards sectors rather than specific types of ecosystems, reflecting the sectoral structure of government departments and or non-governmental actors working on climate change adaptation.Item Policy brief comparing state and traditional land justice systems in Uganda(2017) Okech, AnthonyThis report outlines administrative ways to harmonise state and traditional institutions in terms of land justice in Uganda. Customary justice within the traditional clan system in Uganda offers big advantages over the state judicial system in terms of physical access and costs. A significant weakness of the state justice system is the heavy backlog of land related cases in courts. Perception of and experiences of corruption in the state judicial system are rife. However, even in the current legal and institutional framework, much advantage could be taken of the benefits of the customary justice system.Item Building strong communities against land and water grabbing : a policy brief by Katosi Women Development Trust (KWDT)(2017-09)In fishing communities the contentious acquisition of land close to water bodies is especially relevant. Water grabbing has serious implications for basic human rights including the right to water, food, health, livelihood, and self-determination. Land grabbing is driven by the desire to control and use water and fisheries resources. Globally, Uganda is among the 25 countries most affected by water grabbing. The Katosi Women Development Trust documents effects of land grabbing in four communities in Mpunge sub-county in Mukono district, conducting action research studies in selected fishing communities in Uganda, investigating the drivers of land and water grabbing.Item Collaborative action research on the rush for land and water in Uganda, Mukono District(FIAN International, Heidelberg, 2017-09) Nakato, Margaret; Bavuma, Namaganda Rehema; Namugga, Vaal BenjaminThe land in fishing communities is especially susceptible to land grabbing. Findings reveal that lawlessness, ignorance of the law, unlawful evictions and increasing conflicts in fishing and farming communities, all lead to loss of access to land and fishing grounds. This report gives background and context of the research, clarifies the legal and policy framework governing the use of land in Uganda, while providing background on the Mukono district. The research is the first of its kind to offer affected communities a platform to exchange among themselves and reflect on the ongoing land grabbing taking place in in their communities.Item Design, development and testing of Water Harvesting in Rows Planter (Wahip) for marginal rainfed areas(ESRSA Publication, 2013-07) Yousif, Lotfie A.; Abdelhadi, A.W.; Babiker, Imad A. Ali; Babiker, EbtehagA water harvesting in-row planter (WaHIP) was developed for seeding sorghum in furrows in areas of low rainfall. Results showed that WaHIP constructed ridges, seeded sorghum in the furrow, and simultaneously covered about 2 hectares in one hour at the working speed of 8 km/hr. Its use resulted in the highest soil moisture, tallest plants and highest sorghum yield. Based on statistical and economic analyses, WaHIP is technically feasible, economically profitable and socially acceptable. Therefore, it is recommended as an indispensable machine for sorghum production in marginal rainfed areas such as the Sudan.Item Indigenous knowledge in seasonal rainfall prediction in Tanzania : a case of the South-western Highland of Tanzania(Academic Journals, 2010) Chang’a, Ladislaus B.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Ngana, JamesEarly and significant flowering of Mihemi (Erythrina abyssinica) and Mikwe (Brachystegia speciformis) trees has been identified as a signal of good rainfall in the South-western Highland of Tanzania. Farmers have singled out the behaviour of the Dudumizi bird as another indicator. This study was conducted in Rungwe and Kilolo districts in Mbeya and Iringa regions. Systematic documentation and integration of indigenous knowledge into conventional weather forecasting is a recommended strategy for improving the accuracy and reliability of seasonal rainfall forecasts under increasing climate variability. Since agriculture in Tanzania is mainly rainfed, where, when and what to plant depends on the accuracy of rainfall forecasting.Item Identification of malaria transmission and epidemic hotspots in the western Kenya highlands : its application to malaria epidemic prediction(BioMed Central, London, GB, 2011) Wanjala, Christine L.; Waitumbi, John; Zhou, Guofa; Githeko, Andrew K.Conducted in five sites in the western Kenya highlands, two U-shaped valleys (Iguhu, Emutete), two V-shaped valleys (Marani, Fort-Ternan) and one plateau (Shikondi) for 16 months, this detailed study examines how highlands terrain affects exposure and sensitivity to malaria. It shows that V-shaped ecosystems, and the plateau ecosystem have very low malaria prevalence and few individuals with an immune response to two major malaria antigens. The U-shaped ecosystems are transmission hotspots. However, because V-shaped ecosystems have very low malaria prevalence and few individuals with an immune response, they can be considered as probable epidemic hotspots.Item Surveillance of vector populations and malaria transmission during the 2009/10 El Niño event in the Western Kenya highlands : opportunities for early detection of malaria hyper-transmission(BioMed Central, London, GB, 2011) Ototo, Ednah N.; Githeko, Andrew K.; Wanjala, Christine L.; Scott, Thomas W.Climate variability resulting from events such as El Niño increases the likelihood of malaria transmission in western Kenya. This study measures vectors collected in western Kenya highlands in four selected villages, categorized into two valley systems, the U-shaped (Iguhu and Emutete) and the V-shaped valleys (Marani and Fort Ternan) over an eight month period. Results show how the changing malaria transmission rates in the highlands will lead to more unstable transmission, decreased immunity and a high vulnerability to epidemics, unless surveillance tools are improved and effective vector control is sustained.Item Assessing the impact of topography on malaria exposure and sensitivity in Western Kenya Highlands(2009) Wanjala, Christine L.Findings reveal that drainage characteristics of valley systems affect exposure to malaria parasites as well as immune responses to malaria. The presentation data shows the prevalence of malaria infections, antibodies and gametocytes. Using topography maps of affected areas can help identify exposure and allow for scarce resources to be focused on these areas for disease control. Residents of “V- shaped” valleys are at risk of having explosive malaria outbreaks during hyper transmission periods due to a low immune response of this population to malaria. Immune response antibodies and gametocytes were higher in children living in the “U-shaped” valleys.Item Climate change challenge : implications for development in Southern and Eastern Africa(IPCC, Nairobi, KE, 2008) Odingo, RichardThe presentation provides an outline of climate change effects in African countries, the background to these effects (sea level rise, desertification, extreme weather) and changes to ecosystems resulting in crop losses, food insecurity and rising conflict.Item Climate change challenge : implications in development of Southern and Eastern Africa(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Ogallo, Laban A.Africa is the most climate vulnerable continent on the globe. The presentation outlines challenges of climate change in sustainable development in terms of natural hazards, such as cyclones, windstorms, and extreme temperatures. Graphics show distribution of natural disaster fatalities by country and type of phenomenon. The presentation points to future calamities and the need for mitigation strategies.Item Formulation et rédaction d'une proposition de recherche : manuel de formation(OSSREA, Addis Abeba, ET, 2007) Mmuya, MaximilianItem Developing and writing a research proposal : instruction manual(OSSREA, Addis Ababa, ET, 2007) Mmuya, MaximilianItem Rapport de synthèse de sessions plenières de l'atelier de développement des capacités CRDI/ACCA en evaluation integrée des risques climatiques(AGRHYMET, Niamey, NE, 2007) Badiane, DaoudaItem IDRC/CCAA Capacity Building Workshop on "Integrated Climate Risk Assessment" : workshop report(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC); University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)Item Manuel de formation aux changements climatiques(AGRHYMET, Niamey, NE, 2007) AGRHYMET (Centre Regional de Formation et d'Application en Agrométéorologie et Hydrologie Opérationnelle); University of Cheikh Anta Dio (UCAD)Item IDRC/CCAA Capacity Building Workshop on "Integrated Climate Risk Assessment" : workshop training manual(ICPAC, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC); University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)The Integrated Climate Risk Assessment workshop was held in Nairobi (2007). This manual is a compilation of materials that were used at the workshop. Topics covered in the Modules include: General Concepts of Climate Risk Management; Methods and Tools for Integrated Climate Risk Management; Adaptation strategies; Mainstreaming Climate Risk Management in development policies; Capacity and benefits of CCAA funded projects. The Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) programme aims to significantly improve the capacity of African countries to adapt to climate change in ways that benefit the most vulnerable.