Spatial distribution of employment opportunities in the new context [Vietnamese language]
Date
2015
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Centre for Analysis and Forecasting
Abstract
Spatial
districbution
of
employment
opportunities
receives
a
growing
attention
among
policy
makers
in
the
new
context
of
growth
slowdown
and
increasing
international
integration
in
Vietnam.
However,
studies
on
this
topic
are
rare.
This
has
motivated
the
implementation
of
this
study,
which
aims
to
look
into
major
trends
and
features
of
spatial
distribution
of
employment
opportunities
in
Vietnam
over
more
than
a
decade.
In
this
study,
data
of
Enterprise
Census,
which
were
collected
by
the
General
Statistical
Office
annually
during
the
period
from
2000
to
2013
were
analyzed.
It
is
found
that
combined
shares
of
manufacturing
and
services
in
total
formal
employment
exhibit
increasing
trend,
being
mostly
concentrated
in
the
greater
Hanoi
and
Hochiminh
City
areas.
In
the
new
context
when
labor
costs
in
these
growth
poles
rise
while
their
connectivity
with
other
parts
of
the
country
has
significantly
been
improved
thanks
to
rapid
expansion
of
hard
and
soft
infrastructures,
employment
in
manufacturing
is
shifting
away
from
these
poles,
thus
creating
more
opportunities
for
low-‐skilled
workers
in
periphery
provinces
to
participate
in
the
growth
process.
In
the
opposite
direction,
employment
in
services
is
increasingly
concentrated
in
these
two
megacities
of
Vietnam,
presumably
due
to
the
agglomeration
effects.
Furthermore,
behind
such
features
of
spatial
distribution
of
employment
are
medium
and
large
firms,
in
domestic
private
sector
(in
the
case
of
services)
and
in
foreign
sector
(in
the
case
of
manufacturing).
At
the
national
level,
the
degree
of
agglomeration
is
higher
in
manufacturing
than
in
services,
presumably
indicating
a
higher
level
of
external
economies
in
the
former
than
the
latter.
In
the
context
of
Vietnam’s
further
integration
into
the
global
economy,
notably
under
the
forthcoming
Trans
Pacific
Partnership
agreement,
this
trend
may
persist
for
some time.
This
indicates
that
it
is
important
for
the
Government
to
have
policies
that
facilitate
industrial
clusters
to
generate
larger
effects
of
external
economies.
Description
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Policy Brief
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Text