Studi efektivitas penerapan kebijakan perda kota tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) dalam upaya menurunkan perokok aktif di Sumatera Barat tahun 2013

Date

2013

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Pusat Kebijakan dan Manajemen Kesehatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, ID

Abstract

Background: Area free from tobacco (AFT) policy is the only effective and inexpensive way to protect the public from the dangers of second hand smoke. In West Sumatra there are three cities that have local regulation on this, namely Padang, Panjang Padang, and Payakumbuh, but in reality the policy has not been able to reduce the active smokers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of AFT policy in reducing smokers active beside its effectiveness to protect the public from the dangers of second hand smoker in West Sumatera. Methods: The study was conducted with the method, a mix of quantitative and qualitative research with explanatory design. Data collection was conducted in the city of Padang, Padang Panjang and Payakumbuh. Quantitative data from 100 persons were collected using a questionnaire, while the qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews. Informants in each city are representatives of Department of Health, professional organizations, community leaders, smokers and focus group discussions. Some secondary data are obtained through documents review related to the implementation of AFT. The quantitative data is analysed using univariate analysis, and the qualitative data is analysed using content analysis. Results: Based on the quantitative data it can be seen that in three cities in West Sumatera the smoker rate are 59%. In Padang Panjang, the regulation has been proceeded succesfuly due to the commitment of the Mayor and the legislative parlement in implementing the policies that there should not be any tobacco advertising as well as sanctions for smokers, especially for employees who smoke at the office or at school, according to the law no. 8/2009; suf ficient funds are available for socialization and supervision AFT, a total of Rp75.000.000,00 collected from tobbacco fundation and Rp24.000.000,00 from the budget. In Payakumbuh there is also the commitment of the Mayor and the support of the Health Department according to the Regulation of Area Free tobbacco no 15/2011. Establishment of Supervisory Team for AFT with funds allocated for socialization and supervision, a total amount of Rp341.278.129,00. Padang has not yet applying the AFT policy in government offices and schools, only in private sector such as bank. Tobacco advertising still exists and there is no sanction for smokers despite the existing Regulation No. AFF 14/2011 with accompanying funds provided Rp85.000.000,00. The study shows that the majority (60%) public opinion support the implementation of AFT. Some (51%) of the public say that AFT is effective enough to reduce active smoker, over half of respondents thought AFT should apply to a particular location. According to 59% of respondents, smoking in public places should be given sanction. In Padang Panjang there is a monitoring service via SMS and phone to report breach of the regulation so that the Mayor may impose sanctions. In Payakumbuh a similar system exist through reports and spot checks. Violaters of the regulation are given sanction by the mayor. In Padang city, sanctions have not been given. The local government regulation in banning advertising and promotion of cigarettes is implemented in two cities, the city of Padang Panjang and Payakumbuh. Some factors that affect the implementation of AFT are dependent on the commitment and the role of District mayor, as well as the need for community empowerment.. Conclusion: It is concluded that the AFT policy without the commitment and support of all parties to the implementation of AFT difficult. AFT can be effective to protect the second hand smokers and it has potential to reduce active smokers.

Description

Keywords

INDONESIA--WEST SUMATRA, TOBACCO CONTROL, DISEASE CONTROL, SMOKING, HEALTH POLICY, POLICY MONITORING, PROGRAMME EVALUATION, GOVERNMENT ROLE

Citation

Azkha, N. (2013). Studi efektivitas penerapan kebijakan perda kota tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) dalam upaya menurunkan perokok aktif di Sumatera Barat tahun 2013. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(4): 171-179.

DOI