6. Innovation & Technology/Innovation et technologie

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Education is the key to human innovation and development. Its priority, however, has risen and fallen in global aid agendas over the past decades. It is simultaneously viewed as an unaffordable luxury and an indispensable strategy to the development. Two phenomena are changing these polarized views: an increasing presence of developing countries in the global value chains; and, innovation in response to budget-constrained donors demanding evidence of “what works” in development.



L’éducation est la clé de l’innovation et du développement humains. Au cours des dernières décennies cependant, la priorité qu’on lui accorde dans les programmes d’aide mondiaux a fluctué. Elle est vue à la fois comme un luxe inabordable et comme une stratégie indispensable pour assurer le développement. Deux phénomènes sont en voie de transformer ces points de vue polarisés : la présence croissante des pays en développement dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales et l’innovation en réaction aux demandes des bailleurs de fonds aux budgets limités qui exigent des données probantes sur « ce qui fonctionne » en matière de développement.



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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Strengthening research : industry linkages in Africa : summary report and key recommendations
    (2020-08) Bolo, Maurice
    This paper highlights key issues affecting technology transfer and research commercialization in Africa including: platforms for interactive dialogue with the private sector; funding for research and innovation; innovation and commercialization infrastructure; skills and capacities in intellectual property management, technology transfer and commercialization; communication strategies and monitoring frameworks, and the need for policy, regulatory and institutional reforms. The overall goal is to enhance the capacities of the science granting councils (SGCs) to foster greater knowledge exchange between public sector research organizations with the private sector. Key recommendations include the creation of platforms for dialogues between research and industry, and innovative funding mechanisms.
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    Information and communication technologies for development
    (2013) Lemos, Ronaldo; Varon Ferraz, Joana
    This chapter describes the field of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) and maps key debates surrounding it. Practical examples of ICT use in the developing world are examined, including telecentres, LAN houses, and the growing number of mobile devices affordable to the poor. Critical issues include the extent to which markets provide access to ICTs, and the extent to which ICTs empower wider social transformation. Ongoing debate revolves around internet governance and which policies foster or threaten online rights. The chapter is part of the volume “International development : ideas, experience and prospects”.
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    Innovation for development
    (2013) Brook, David; MacMaster, Caitlyn; Singer, Peter A.
    Development thinking has evolved from seeing innovation as something exogenous to development efforts, to seeing it as something to be consciously fostered. This chapter reviews the history of innovation for development, then provides an overview of supportive strategies, with a particular focus on the recent Grand Challenge approach, arguing that it provides a framework which can align a range of mechanisms for financing innovations. Innovation may involve the creation of new technologies or processes, the development of novel combinations of existing technologies, or the development of new applications for existing technologies, to achieve a particular outcome.
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    Universities and higher education in development
    (2013) Arocena, Rodrigo; Göransson, Bo; Sutz, Judith
    This chapter of “International development : ideas, experience and prospects” discusses contemporary perceptions of the role of universities and how they are interpreted by and incorporated into theories of development. As an alternative to a narrower interpretation of universities as primarily providers of market-driven knowledge production, prospects for universities to evolve toward developmental universities are also analyzed. The final section outlines what signifies a developmental university and provides an example of a program toward this end. There are problems that are not researched in the North but are of great significance in the South.
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    Innovation systems and development
    (2013) Cassiolato, José Eduardo; Pessoa de Matos, Marcelo G.; Lastres, Helena M.M.
    Thirty years of liberal policy experimentation has led to a more divided world, with the gap between rich and poor widening. This chapter provides a discussion of the connection between development and the innovation systems (IS) framework, summarizing how the concept of innovation systems evolved over thirty years, and examining the connections between the IS framework and development thinking. It presents an overview of applying the IS framework to address development challenges and contexts that often dissociate economic from social development, both in research and in policy programs.
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    Industrial policy
    (2013) Di Maio, Michele
    Industrial policy (IP) should be designed to consider the available capabilities both in the government and in the private sector. IP is one of the most controversial issues in economics. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of this concept in the context of developing countries. It presents the economic arguments against and in favour of IP and describes characteristics of various models of IP historically adopted by developing countries. Changes in the rules of world trade and in the international division of labour have influenced the design and implementation of IP. Elements of the so-called “new industrial policy” are discussed.