3. Economics/Économie

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https://hdl.handle.net/10625/52730

This section is motivated by the observations that rising incomes are a necessary but not sufficient feature of successful development, and that economics and ideas are intertwined, influencing the policies and practices of aid and expenditure such as tax systems and entrepreneurship. Rather than focusing on remedying market or government failure, the current wave of thinking is more eclectic and complementary with the roles of government and the private sector, grounded in the experience of developing countries themselves.



La hausse des revenus est un élément nécessaire, mais non suffisant, d’un développement fructueux. L’économie et les idées s’entremêlent; elles influencent les politiques et les pratiques en matière d’aide et de dépenses, notamment en ce qui a trait aux régimes fiscaux et à l’entrepreneuriat. Plutôt que de chercher à combler les lacunes des marchés ou des gouvernements, le courant de pensée actuel est plus éclectique et complémentaire du rôle du gouvernement et du secteur privé; il prend racine dans l’expérience propre des pays en développement.


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    Two prophets of regional integration : Prebisch and Adedeji
    (2013) Adebajo, Adekeye
    The paper highlights how individuals with vision can move institutions to adopt ideas, while also demonstrating the institutional, regional, and external constraints on their implementation. Argentina’s Raùl Prebisch (1950–63) and Nigeria’s Adebayo Adedeji’s (1975–91) conviction about developing regional integration ultimately impacted the United Nations (UN) Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) – which became the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in 1984 – and the UN Economic for Africa (ECA) respectively. This chapter assesses these individuals in promoting ideas on economic development and regional integration within the United Nations institutions during their tenure in office.
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    Entrepreneurship and economic development
    (2013) Naudé, Wim
    This paper provides an overview of thinking on the intersection of development and entrepreneurship. Given the relative neglect of entrepreneurship by development scholars, it deals with: (i) recent theoretical insights from the intersection of entrepreneurship and development studies; (ii) the empirical evidence on the relationship between entrepreneurship and development; and (iii) fresh insights for entrepreneurship policy for development that have emerged from recent advances in this area, including female entrepreneurship in developing countries.
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    Trade and finance in development thinking
    (2013) Ocampo, José Antonio
    This chapter summarizes the controversies on trade and finance in relation to developing countries as they have evolved since WW II. It shows the significant divergences among schools of development thought as to the role of the global system versus national policies in determining development success, and between those who defend the virtues of markets versus those who consider that development is intrinsically tied to some form of state intervention.
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    Evolving paradigms of structural change
    (2013) Yifu Lin, Justin; Monga, Célestin
    New Structural Economics draws lessons from history to identify factors that help or hinder the reallocation of resources from low- to high-productivity sectors. It promotes the strategic selection of competitive industries according to comparative advantage, and recommends a new distribution of roles between governments and markets. The economic notion of “structures” has evolved over decades to cover both macro and micro issues, and to hold different meanings. This chapter examines economic theory in terms of development and underdevelopment.
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    Public finance in developing countries
    (2013) Bird, Richard M.; Das-Gupta, Arindam
    A framework for evaluating public finance structures and institutions in terms of revenue and spending as well as the fiscal balance is set out in this chapter. Some key areas such as VAT, earmarking, tax evasion and administration, and non-tax revenues are discussed. Increased globalization challenges national tax bases making it even more important to improve local fiscal expertise and institutions in developing countries. Finally, if local governments are sufficiently self-reliant and promote fiscal discipline, decentralization may produce gains in both efficiency and local accountability, possibly outweighing costs from the loss of some macroeconomic control and altered investment priorities.