2. State & Society/État et société

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Here we examine the legal, social and political structures, and processes that hold state and society together. The authors trace the rise and political positioning of social voices that have represented a challenge to established views of women, indigenous people and marginalized groups. As the push for a single transparency narrative grows, there is no consensus on the state’s ability to end “corruption” and how this plays out in different parts of the world. Analyses explore how income growth, socio-economic equality and healthy inclusion interact to determine levels of satisfaction and happiness in a society.



Nous examinons ici les structures juridiques, sociales et politiques ainsi que les processus qui assurent la cohésion de l’État et de la société. Les auteurs retracent la montée et le positionnement politique des voix sociales qui ont contesté les idées reçues sur les femmes, les peuples autochtones et les groupes marginalisés. Au moment où se raffermit la volonté d’instaurer un discours unique sur la transparence, il n’existe aucun consensus sur l’aptitude de l’État à mettre un terme à la « corruption » et sur la façon dont la situation évolue dans diverses régions du monde. Les analyses examinent la manière dont la croissance des revenus, l’égalité socio-économique et une saine inclusion interagissent pour déterminer les degrés de bonheur et de satisfaction au sein d’une société.



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    Corruption
    (2013) Labelle, Huguette
    Corruption weakens institutions and reduces the capacity of all governments and international organizations to tackle challenges like poverty, conflict, economic crisis, and climate change. Whether perpetrated by governments, businesses or citizens, corruption is a major barrier to development. In 2004 the World Bank Institute published research that put a price on corruption, in which they estimated the total cost of bribery worldwide at US$ 1 trillion annually. The International Aid Transparency Initiative, set up in 2008 is a multi-stakeholder attempt to adopt a uniform and agreed standard for reporting aid flows.
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    Rooting change : indigeneity and development
    (2013) Maivân Clech Lâm
    Since the 1970s, Indigenous peoples have campaigned for their right to participate alongside states in matters that affect them. The UN recognized this right in 2007 and adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Typically experiencing development as transgress more than progress, Indigenous peoples could move from a position of victimhood to one of co-authorship. As such the Declaration requires UN agencies and states to actualize the agency of Indigenous communities, and to incorporate their cultural values in the planning and execution of development projects. This chapter addresses Indigenous peoples’ attempts to turn stark opposition into a difficult engagement..
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    Law, regulation, and development
    (2013) Davis, Kevin E.; Mota Prado, Mariana
    Limitations in the intellectual frameworks that have dominated relationships between law and development include: failure to draw upon the experience of countries in the global South; misplaced reliance upon problematic conceptual dichotomies such as legal/non-legal, public/private, common law/civil law, and domestic/international; and failure to acknowledge the complexity and mutability of legal institutions. The paper concludes by examining emerging approaches that promise to overcome some of these limitations, assuming that the end of colonialism marks a significant shift in the nature of the legal system and its role in society.
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    Social protection
    (2013) Barrientos, Armando
    Since the turn of the century, social protection has emerged as one of the fastest growing areas of development policy and practice. Large-scale social assistance programs in middle-income developing countries providing direct transfers make an important contribution to the reduction of poverty and vulnerability, and to knowledge on poverty and its remedies. Increasingly, social protection is seen as an essential component of an effective development strategy, combining growth, basic service provision, and social protection. The rationale, conceptual basis, design, and effectiveness of social protection in developing countries are contested. The chapter throws light on this discussion by examining the concepts and practice of social protection in developing countries.
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    Growth, inclusion, and human satisfaction
    (2013) Berry, Albert
    This paper considers some of the ways in which income growth, socio-economic equality, and healthy inclusion interact to determine levels of satisfaction and happiness in society. Some main points of consideration are: that the case of economic growth by itself as a secure route to human happiness is relatively weak; equality and inclusiveness are contributors to happiness, hence, how are these factored in? Is there a relationship between inclusiveness to the rate and pattern of economic growth?