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    African doctoral dissertation research fellowship (ADDRF) program : evaluation report
    (African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, KE, 2013)
    The ADDRF Program was initiated in 2008 by the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) in partnership with the International Development Research Center (IDRC). The Program seeks to facilitate more rigorous engagement of doctoral students in health systems and population health research, strengthen their research skills, and provide them an opportunity for timely completion of their doctoral training. The evaluation assesses progress in achievement of programme objectives as well as ensuring operational and financial sustainability. The evaluation provides substantial evidence that the ADDRF program is making an enormous difference.
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    Beyond state-building : confronting Africa's governance and socio-economic challenges in the 21st century
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014) Kale Ewusi, Samuel; Bosco Butera, Jean
    Gaps in knowledge on peace, governance and security issues prevent the building of strong societal infrastructures that promote human development. The Africa Peace and Governance Research Network (APGR.Net) was launched to address these gaps; strengthening democratic institutions and crafting economic policy must take into consideration local dynamics of power. This collection of essays provides an incisive look into issues of strengthening democratic institutions and economic policy in Africa, and the impacts on ordinary citizens, as well as how Africa and specific countries in Africa can go about addressing critical issues of exclusion and marginalization.
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    Weaving peace : essays on peace, governance and conflict transformation in the Great Lakes region of Africa
    (Trafford Publishing, 2012) Kale Ewusi, Samuel
    The essays in this volume touch to the core of challenges in resolving existing conflicts in the region, and efforts at transforming post-conflict societies in the Great Lakes. As well, it acknowledges that Africa is home to myriads of conflict-handling mechanisms that are cultural and contextual. The book weaves detailed accounts of conflicts in Rwanda, Uganda, and Congo DR as well as presenting detailed appraisals of peacebuilding processes. Land ownership and gender roles are also examined with other contextual factors such as governance and human security. The work is supported by the UN-mandated University for Peace (UPEACE).
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 7, no. 1, June 2014
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-06) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Kale Ewusi, Samuel; Friedman, Steven
    Broad trends are identified in discussion of the African Peer Review mechanism: weak states which are unable to give substance to democratic governance, and resistance by governing elites to concede full democratic rights. Leaders have not only failed to promote good governance, they have also neglected to establish structures and institutions to consolidate democratic governance, in some cases actively perverting the principles of liberal democracy. Other contributions to this edition flesh out the diagnosis. Whether in Africa or elsewhere, building democracy is a never-ending struggle against power relations that restrict democracy’s reach.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 3, December 2013
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-12) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Karbo, Tony; Okumu, Wafula
    Solutions to inequalities in society lie in mitigating structural inequalities. Many incumbent governments are able to manipulate constitutions with the goal of keeping political leaders and their cronies in power for extended periods of time. Executive branches of governments have thus been created so powerful that other branches essentially exist in name only, voiding any chance of a functioning system with a separation of powers. This edition looks at popular struggles for democracy, dominant parties, the process of democratization in Africa, child soldiers and irregular warfare, peacebuilding amid violence, and the relationships among violence and inequality and government failure.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 1, June 2013
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-06) Karbo, Tony
    For many women, violence is the daily condition of their lives, during wartime and peacetime, hence definitions of security need to consider the gendered realities of (in)security. In contemporary Africa, the greater political participation of women during conflict has not translated into sustained engagement of women in post-conflict settings. At the termination of wartime conditions, women become relegated to their traditional roles. This role reversal brings with it a disintegration of social and economic networks that once had been instruments of survival. Tokenism through numbers and quotas is not a panacea to the persistence of long-standing gender inequalities in peace and security processes
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 5, no. 2, December 2012
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2012-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Yarwood, Janette
    This edition looks at governance from different perspectives: identity and nationalist movements in Cameroon; the ‘hegemonic presidency’ in Liberia and the challenges to rebuilding a shattered state; forthcoming general elections in Kenya and the need to avoid a repeat of the 2007 postelection violence; the conduct of elections and use of new approaches to deepen their integrity across the continent; and applying theoretical explanations to the protracted conflicts in Somalia. All of these point to one thing—governance. How can African governance systems improve so that they become truly democratic and responsive to the modern challenges of state building?
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 5, no. 1, June 2012
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2012-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Matlosa, Khabele
    The interface between democracy and development remains a heated subject in the policy and academic discourses in Africa. Where nation building has taken place via the expediency and capital of developmentalism, issues of democratic governance have not been seriously entertained; worse still, in some countries the leadership essentially banned popular political participation or introduced autocratic regimes, including one-party systems, on the grounds that multiparty politics was divisive. For economic progress to be registered and human development to bear fruit in Africa, it is imperative to bring about political stability and political integration at the regional level.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 4, no. 2, December 2011
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2011-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Ngoma, Naison
    Demands upon peacebuilding related to the following topics are explored: where faith-based organizations have played a prominent role in such countries as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Liberia; considering the right of return of refugees in the Liberian context; endemic intra-state conflicts in Africa and some conditions which inch towards resolutions; the global war on women in the case of conflict, and in post-conflict societies such as South Africa, which leads the world in rape, child rape, and violence; the technology of mobile phones and the internet which has changed political landscapes.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 4, no. 1, June 2011
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2011-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Ngabirano, Maximiano
    Two sets of standards are often applied to Africa: in one, the international community takes decisive action when there is sufficient geo-political interest in a state, and in the other, the international community remains on the sideline as belligerents; typically, sub-Saharans fight on without intervention until a clear winner emerges. In North Africa the ‘Arab Spring’ emerged from confrontations between citizens demanding new and better governance and positive changes in their lives and those benefiting from the status quo. The articles in this edition address governance or gender and sometimes both. They touch on pertinent aspects of governance and security that affect not only Africa, but the international community as well.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 3, no. 2, December 2010
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2010-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Nelson, Catherine
    In the wake of violence, many questions remain concerning what can be done to build peace: What are the dynamics of conflict in a given African context? Why are youths at the forefront of violence in countries across the continent? What measures should or can be taken to mitigate violence? Although simmering conflicts haunt African policy makers and academics alike, there are sometimes glimmers of hope, along with moments of regression. Contributors to this edition look at various issues involving violence and security and how local communities have bypassed the state in seeking solutions on their own.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 3, no. 1, June 2010
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2010-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Nelson, Catherine
    Conflicts funded by lootable natural resources complicate the political economy of war, and transitions to peace. Globalization has provided an outlet for the sale of illicitly obtained local resources by state and non-state actors. These same global outlets in turn supply military groups with weapons. The absence of functional institutions in conflict areas, and systems of governance without prospects for furthering economic development have allowed the formation of war economies marked by violent appropriation of local resources. Academic thought on peacebuilding and development needs the kind of critical analysis offered in this issue.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 2, no. 2, December 2009
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2009-12) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Allen Nan, Susan
    In conflict systems, lasting social change depends on a host of dynamics. No one approach by itself holds the solution to protracted conflict: education and youth programs are only possible where human security supports physical survival; forgiveness and reconciliation cannot be divorced from reasonably open economic opportunity for all. Peacebuilding takes more than a village; it takes a village and a court and a school and an arts program and many more multifaceted components for building relationships, structures, and processes of peace. This issue highlights contributions by grants beneficiaries from Peace Research Capacity Building in Africa.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 2, no. 1, June 2009
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2009-06) Abdalla, Amr; Karbo, Tony; Murithi, Tim
    Liberal peace theories prescribe electoral democracy and the free market as panaceas for all postconflict states, irrespective of a society’s ability to cope with the inherent competitiveness of ‘democracy’ and the markets. Current approaches to state building of universalized and ‘best practice’ approaches, not only restore superficial states, they also extend the colonial project of undermining organic processes of state formation and state building. Indigenization stands as a complement to the liberal peace approach. Challenges to traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in Chad, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Uganda are examined at various stages and levels of intervention.
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    Africa peace and conflict journal, v. 6, no. 2, September 2013
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2013-09) Butera, Jean-Bosco; Karbo, Tony
    A range of topics include: the institutionalization of parliament in Mozambique; power-sharing agreements after disputed elections; deserters in the aftermath of the Zimbabwe crisis; internal displacement in Kenya resulting from post-election violence; cult religion in the northern Uganda conflict; transformational aspects of conflict; relations between Sudan and South Sudan regarding Abyei; women’s participation in local government in Anglophone Cameroon with respect to gender relations in the household.
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    Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan
    (Oxford University Press, 2014) Jackson, Jonathan; Asif, Muhammad; Bradford, Ben; Zakria Zakar, Muhammad
    Police legitimacy is an important topic of criminological research, yet it has received only sporadic study in societies where there is widespread police corruption, where the position of the police is less secure, and where social order is more tenuous. Analysing data from a probability sample survey of adults in Lahore, Pakistan, we examine the empirical links between people’s experience of police corruption, their perceptions of the fairness and effectiveness of the police, and their beliefs about the legitimacy of the police. Our findings suggest that in a context in which minimal effectiveness and integrity is yet to be established, police legitimacy may rest not just on the procedural fairness of officers, but also on their demonstrated ability to control crime and avoid corruption.
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    Brief 15 : mitigating challenges of anti – homosexuality legislation in Uganda
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-08) Chama, Julius
    The issue of homosexuality has attracted a lot of heated debate in the world with dire consequences to the citizenry of some of the countries involved in this debacle. In Uganda the criminalization of homo-sexuality in 20141 has complicated the relationship between the Ugandan government and many her Western donors. Some diplomats have been threatened with deportation and in others financial aid has been withheld. Death through mob action has also occurred to some of the victims. The acts (homosexuality) have radical purveyors on one hand and radical perpetrators on the other, making it a contentious issue. This brief aims at examining ways and means for the various stakeholders of this issue to mitigate the effect of the law considering that it is already settled law in Uganda.
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    Brief 14 : understanding gender in climate change adaptation for food security in Cameroon
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-08) Ndie Abia, Christine; Endeley, Joyce B.
    The evidence presented in this policy brief confirms the occurrence of climate change, its effects on food crop yields with impacts on food security and the centrality of adaptation by women and men farmers to increase food production and ensure food security in Cameroon. It indicates that in various ways, climate change affects food production. As such, farmers have developed adaptation strategies to cope with the impact of climate change but there is disparity in the degree of application of adaptation strategies by women and men farmers. While more women employ less costly indigenous adaptation options (shift in planting dates, mulching and planting of leguminous shrubs), more men tend to adopt irrigation which though highly efficient, tends to be more costly and requires appropriate land tenure rights. Given this trend, it is necessary to mainstream climate change adaptation in agricultural policy in Cameroon as this will likely prevent food insecurity in the long run.
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    Brief 13 : kidnapping and security challenge in Nigeria; perceived causes and solutions
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-08) Olu-Owolabi, E.F.
    In recent years, the future of Nigerian society has become a pressing concern as security issues apparently dominate government action and more and more nation states are coming under pressure from their own citizens. Some political analysts have diagnosed it as crisis of representative democracy and argued for a stronger role for civil society, to proffer solutions to the challenges confronting what some scholars has classified as challenges of failing democratic state,1 among which is the challenge of kidnapping. There is a pervasive security challenge in most developing countries especially Nigeria, and that the police are obviously incapable of arresting the situation. This is evidence, among others, by the incessant inauguration, formulation and launching of new security outfit comprising of police and soldiers. This has become the face of most security outfit in Nigeria like other developing countries. This joint task force is branded differently by different state and even local government such as the Swift Action Squard (SAS) in Osun State, Rapid Response Squard in Lagos, to mention but few.
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    Brief 12 : amendment of the intelligence legislation to strengthen intelligence oversight in Uganda
    (University for Peace Africa Programme, Addis Ababa, ET, 2014-08) Solomon, Asiimwe
    Intelligence oversight in Uganda requires strengthening for effectiveness and for the country to achieve the democratic yardstick. The country has made some commendable democratic steps but the prevailing intelligence legal framework apparently does not provide for independent and specific intelligence oversight mechanisms. The only effective intelligence oversight is offered by the Agencies’ internal administration and is strongly attributed to the personal leadership style of the incumbent President. Hence, its future sustainability is generally questionable.