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Item "I was working!" Women smugglers on Ecuador's borders(2019) Donoso, Claudia VeronicaThe article argues that women’s involvement in smuggling in Ecuador’s border zones is not simply a national security issue but reflects a myriad of other human security features based on intersectional inequalities that have limited women’s access to paid work. The concept of “feminist critical human security” is advanced in the paper. Women smugglers are characterized as criminals by the discourse of border security authorities. However, smuggling has become an alternative to the lack of job opportunities in the border region.Item Challenges to conducting epidemiology research in chronic conflict areas : examples from PURE- Palestine(2017-03) Khatib, Rasha; Giacaman, Rita; Khammash, Umaiyeh; Yusuf, SalimThis paper reviews a population-based study of chronic diseases in the occupied Palestinian territory and describes the challenges unique to conflict zone areas, as well as others common to low- and middle- income countries. The challenges in working within a fragmented health care system are discussed. Special efforts to collect epidemiologic data from regions engulfed by strife are essential. Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) is a cohort study designed to collect data on social, environmental, behavioral, biological, and genetic factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in high- middle- and low- income countries.Item Unpacking local impacts of climate change : learning with a coastal community in Central Vietnam(Springer Science+Business Media, 2018-04-06) Nguyen, Huu TrungFindings suggest that instead of viewing coastal villages in Vietnam as homogeneous units with shared climate experiences, a more effective approach would include better understanding of local experience combined with scientific evidence. Through a case study of a coastal community in Central Vietnam, this paper presents how local people perceive climate change and characterize climate impacts on their lives. The community has many resources that are used for developing livelihoods, which can be used to address a changing climate. Classified into five forms of capital: natural, physical, financial, human and social, each plays its role in enhancing community resilience and reducing climate risks.Item Post-millennium development goals : analysis of education policies and gender inequity in basic education in Ghana – a case study of Tema(College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies at the University of Saskatchewan, 2019) Seshie, Abigail Zita; Department of Sociology, University of SaskatchewanThis study focuses on Ghana’s effort to achieve gender equity in basic education after committing to Millennium Development Goals. Drawing on the intersectional framework of Black Feminist Thought, the research explores professional experiences of education policy administrators and views of parents to better understand the impacts of policies on gender equity in public education. Interviews revealed several trends and practices accounting for girls’ low school completion rates. Among them were; preference for male children; the burden of girls’ domestic chores; teenage pregnancy; early marriage; sexual harassment; the foreign influence of social media; broken homes; and traditional cultural practices.Item Women, inequality and smuggling in the Ecuadorian borders / Mujeres, inequidad y contrabando en las fronteras ecuatorianas(Estado & comunes, revista de politicas y problemas publicos, no. 5, vol. 2, julio-diciembre de 2017, 119-134 p., 2017-03) Donoso, ClaudiaA web of power relationships at the border have perpetuated intersectional inequalities that led women to become smugglers of fuel and propane cylinders in the border zones shared with Peru and Colombia, in El Oro and Carchi provinces in Ecuador. This web is supported by systems of discrimination based on gender, class, race and geographical location that foster unequal access to education, paid work, health services and comprehensive care against domestic violence, creating women’s insecurity. Customs control, police and military subsumed under national and border security aggravate the population security conditions. To address this empirical case, this article advances the concept of “feminist critical human security” to examine women’s security at Ecuador’s border zones. Further, drawing on Black feminism’s idea of intersectionality and matrix of domination, and feminist critiques of national security, this article proposes women smugglers as referents of security rather than as criminals, as the border security discourse views them.Item Health beliefs and behaviours of families towards the health needs of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra, Ghana(Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2018-08-31) Lamptey, D.-L.This paper explored the health beliefs and behaviours of families towards the health needs of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra, Ghana. The aim was to inform health promotion strategies for the children and their families.Item Disease Warriors(2017-04) Butt, UmbreenThis 2 minute video [ see http://www.umbreenbutt.com/health?wix-vod-comp-id=comp-j4a7cmwd ] follows Sadia, the “Lady Vaccinator” through a neighborhood in Peshawar as she administers polio vaccine drops (always with a sense of humour). "Disease Warriors" follows the frontline health workers battling the poliovirus in the streets of Peshawar. As of 2016, there are only 37 cases world wide due to successful polio vaccination campaigns like this one. The video is part of a repertoire of the documentary film maker Umbreen Butt.Item World’s largest solar plant built in a refugee camp launched in Zaatari(The Jordan News, 2017-11) Mohit, MinaAfter six months of construction that saw the sprawling of some 40,000 solar panels over the size of 33 football fields in southern Mafraq, the world’s largest solar power plant built in a refugee settlement was inaugurated. The 12.9-megawatt solar facility brings free and clean electricity to over 80,000 mostly Syrian residents at Zaatari refugee camp, extending their current 8 hours of access to power to 14, thereby allowing children longer hours for homework, better storage for refrigerated foods, and enhanced street lighting for maintaining safety and security.Item Politics of gross national happiness : governance and development in Bhutan(Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) Schroeder, KentThis book explores the practices of governance in Bhutan and how they shape the implementation of the country’s Gross National Happiness (GNH) development strategy. The author examines whether Bhutan’s innovative GNH governance framework successfully navigates competing power dynamics and generates the intended human development outcomes of Gross National Happiness. The analysis is structured around a comparison of the implementation of four GNH development policies – tourism, media, farm roads and human/wildlife conflict – and their larger implications on power, governance and the human development paradigm in Bhutan and beyond.Item Unintended consequences of community verifications for performance-based financing in Burkina Faso(Elsevier, 2017-09) Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie; Gali-Gali, Idriss Ali; De Allegri, Manuela; Ridde, ValeryTo address the shortcomings of Performance-Based Financing (PBF) verifications within facilities, two types of verifications are conducted at the community level. These community verifications couple a community survey with a client satisfaction survey to determine whether the patients reported in the medical registers exist, and if so, whether they received the services declared and are satisfied with services provided. Unintended consequences arose as the study intervention unfolded over time: worker overload; fear of retaliation from healthcare workers; loss of patient confidentiality; marital issues; falsification of records. Results highlight the need to be skeptical of high performance scores for community verifications.Item Food security Haiti : critical contributions(2017) Vansteenkiste, JenniferThe world food economy attends to a goal of economic production not human reproduction. In doing so it heightens peasant food insecurity and social instability by undermining peasant market advantages and their right to production as it aims for global comparative advantage. This occurs through reduced tariff and market protections allowing importation of cheap food products. Peasants respond by finding specialized niche food markets not already subsumed by imports. These value added projects, however, are not simply about food. The projects are about recreating the Haitian peasant way of being as the poto mitan or center pole of the Haitian food system. This includes reproducing the peasant moral economy of community care, identity and autonomy as food producers, distributors and consumers.Item Food security in Haiti : a gendered solution(2017) Vansteenkiste, JenniferResearch determined that all-women organizations in Haiti find niche markets to challenge socially constructed gendered norms assigned to food production. Gender Central Frameworks (GCF) challenge gendered barriers that prevent women from obtaining necessary capabilities for success. The outcome is improved access to practical needs for food procurement. This GCF approach creates sustainable solutions because the change occurs within the person and the organization, which also acts as a social network. GCF has the potential to address food security at larger scales.Item Haiti’s peasantry as poto mitan : refocusing the foundations of prosperity and development(2017) Vansteenkiste, JenniferThe paper provides a case study of the conversion of state land in the Commune of Limonade, from a community-controlled agricultural economy to a large-scale agro-export banana plantation called Agritrans. This study shows how repurposing state land may impact food security and social stability of peasant farmers. The Agritrans plantation, designed and implemented by Haitian businessman and current President Jovenel Moïse, is used as a blueprint for Haiti’s development future. Pre- and post-land conversion data provide documentation of the immediate impact on peasant activities and lives in terms of the Agritrans land grab.Item Green grabbing and the contested nature of belonging in Laikipia, Kenya : a genealogy(2017) Bersaglio, Brock; Department of Geography, University of TorontoHow and why do political reactions of certain rural groups align or depart from those of others? Findings suggest that in settler societies, aspects of green grabbing (or land grabbing) may be understood as acts of “white belonging.” Likewise, green grabbing presents other groups with opportunities to re-assert other notions of belonging in the landscape through resistance, acquiescence, or incorporation. This dissertation makes green grabbing a subject of ethnographic and historical analysis in Laikipia, Kenya and contextualizes different rural groups’ experiences and reactions to green grabbing, while building the case for ethnographic and historical analyses of land acquisition.Item Governing social protection in developing countries through community-based targeting mechanisms : a case study of Nigeria’s “In Care of the People” Conditional Cash Transfer Programme(University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, 2017-04) Olabanji Akinola; Sneyd, Adam; University of Guelph Department of Political Science and InternationalGovernance of social protection programmes in developing countries need to ensure that community members and state institutions have the resources to effectively engage with each other. This dissertation examines how the community-based targeting methods and mechanism (CBTM) that was utilized in the implementation of Nigeria’s “In Care of the People” (COPE) Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programme in three communities in Oyo state, improved or impeded transparency and accountability in the governance of the programme. Due to the weak administrative and technical capacity of state institutions charged with the responsibility of implementing the programme, accountability was weak.Item Access to healthcare for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra, Ghana : challenges and strategies for improvement(2017-04) Lamptey, De-Lawrence; School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s UniversityFindings of this study reveal that children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra are affected by several health conditions, including sensory, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. Results imply that although children with IDD in Ghana might be affected by several health conditions, they confront complex structural and psychosocial barriers in accessing healthcare which undermines Ghana’s commitment on the international front to provide equitable access to healthcare for all. Barriers include financial means, social connections, access to transportation, and attitudes of healthcare providers and the general public toward children with IDD.Item Social enterprises as agents of technological change : case studies from Tanzania(University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, 2017-05) Sheikheldin, Gussai; John F. Devlin; University of Guelph Department of PhilosophyThe thesis constructs a concept of “technology localization” towards developing new or modified explanations for technological change processes. Technology localization is described as a main variable in the pursuit of technological autonomy in developing societies, where autonomy refers to the capacity for self-generating, transferring and managing technologies in support of economic and human development. This thesis examines 6 case studies of technology-oriented social enterprises in rural regions of Tanzania. Research shows that social enterprises play a positive role as agents of technological change. Attention is drawn to the value of regulations that accommodate social enterprise and acknowledged business models.Item Agricultural land-use change in Kerala, India : perspectives from above and below the canopy(Elsevier B.V., 2017-05) Fox, Thomas; Rhemtullaa, Jeanine; Ramankuttya, Navin; Leska, Corey; Coyle, Theraesa; Kunhamub, T.K.Agroforests are undergoing rapid land-use change not discernible using remote sensing. This research highlights the value of using mixed methods for characterizing land-use and land-cover histories in tropical regions. According to farmers, the primary drivers of this shift are declining profitability of agriculture in Kerala, labour shortages, unreliable weather, unfamiliar pests and diseases, and government policy. Despite the undeniable move away from agricultural activity in home gardens, the paper concludes that these ecologically and culturally important systems are not disappearing, but rather evolving to meet the needs of a less agricultural Kerala.Item Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia among indigenous Batwa and non‑indigenous communities of Kanungu district, Uganda(BioMed Central, 2016) Donnelly, Blánaid; Berrang‑Ford, Lea; Labbé, Jolène; Twesigomwe, Sabastian; Lwasa, ShuaibThe indigenous Batwa of southwestern Uganda are among the most highly impoverished populations in Uganda, yet there is negligible research on the prevalence of malaria in this population. Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia prevalence was estimated in an indigenous Batwa and a non-indigenous neighbouring population, and an exploration of modifiable risk factors was carried out to identify potential entry points for intervention. Additionally, evidence of zooprophylaxis was assessed, hypothesizing that livestock ownership may play a role in malaria risk.Item Challenges to conducting epidemiology research in chronic conflict areas : examples from PURE- Palestine(BioMed Central, 2016) Khatib, Rasha; Giacaman, Rita; Khammash, Umaiyeh; Yusuf, SalimThis paper describes issues encountered in designing and conducting the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The challenges encountered in working within a fragmented health care system are discussed, along with possible ways to overcome them. Challenges include difficulties planning for data collection in a fragmented healthcare system within a conflict setting, standardizing data collection when resources are limited, and working in communities where access is restricted by the military. In regions engulfed by war and strife, specialized planning for collection of epidemiologic data is essential.