Research Results (NCDP) / Résultats de recherches (PMNT)
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Item Adoption of healthy and sustainable diets in Mexico does not imply higher expenditure on food(Springer Nature, 2021-09-30) Batis, Carolina ; Marrón-Ponce, Joaquín A.; Stern, Dalia; Vandevijvere, Stefanie; Barquera, Simón; Rivera, Juan A.The study/article concludes that transitioning to better diets in Mexico is possible without a higher expenditure on food. The International Network for Food and Obesity/ Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) framework proposes a novel methodology and tool called DIETCOST. The study compared the cost of biweekly diet baskets created with INFORMAS’s DIETCOST tool. Additional research could analyse across other countries’ healthy and unhealthy diet baskets with a nutritional composition specific for each country, and baskets comparable across countries. The article provides details of the study, outcomes and recommendations for further research.Item Attitudes of public health academics toward receiving funds from for-profit corporations : a systematic review(Oxford University Press, 2017) Nakkash, Rima T.; Mugharbil, Sanaa; Alaouié, Hala; Afifi, Rima A.Academic–industry partnerships may pose a threat to research integrity and choices of research topics. Academics in medicine and nutrition often fail to recognize the potential conflicts of industry-sponsored research. The study systematically reviewed a total of 4017 articles from Medline, 3 from Business Source Complete, 1065 from ProQuest, 4 from ERIC and 104 from the Chronicles of Higher Education. No articles were found that investigated the attitudes of public health academics toward accepting funds from industry. With dwindling support from governments toward universities, there has been a substantial increase in university–industry partnerships over the last two decades including support of research.Item Policy-relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status : analysis from the international alcohol control study(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2018-01-04) Casswell, Sally; Huckle, Taisia; Wall, Martin; Parker, Karl; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Parry, Charles D. H.; Cuong, Pham Viet; Gray-Phillip, Gaile; Piazza, MarinaTo investigate behaviours related to four alcohol policy variables (policy-relevant behaviours) and demographic variables in relation to typical quantities of alcohol consumed on-premise in six International Alcohol Control study countries. Design and methods: General population surveys with drinkers using a comparable survey instrument and data analysed using path analysis in an overall model and for each country. Measures: typical quantities per occasion consumed on-premise; gender, age; years of education, prices paid, time of purchase, time to access alcohol and liking for alcohol advertisements. Results: In the overall model younger people, males and those with fewer years of education consumed larger typical quantities. Overall lower prices paid, later time of purchase and liking for alcohol ads predicted consuming larger typical quantities; this was found in the high-income countries, less consistently in the high-middle-income countries and not in the low middle-income country. Three policy-relevant behaviours (prices paid, time of purchase, liking for alcohol ads) mediated the relationships between age, gender, education and consumption in high-income countries. Discussion and conclusions: International Alcohol Control survey data showed a relationship between policy-relevant behaviours and typical quantities consumed and support the likely effect of policy change (trading hours, price and restrictions on marketing) on heavier drinking. The path analysis also revealed policy-relevant behaviours were significant mediating variables between the effect of age, gender and educational status on consumption. However, this relationship is clearest in high-income countries. Further research is required to understand better how circumstances in low-middle-income countries impact effects of policiesItem Availability of alcohol : location, time and ease of purchase in high and middle-income countries : data from the International alcohol control study(John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2018-08-01) Gray-Phillip, Gaile; Huckle, Taisia; Callinan, Sarah; Parry, Charles D.H.; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Cuong, Pham Viet; Mackintosh, Anne-Marie; Meier, Petra; Kazantseva, Elena; Piazza, Marina; Parker, Karl; Casswell, SallySurveys of drinkers in the International Alcohol Control study in high-income and middle-income countries were analysed. On-premise purchasing (bars, night clubs, restaurants) was prevalent in the high-income countries. However, the vast majority of alcohol consumed in all countries, except St Kitts and Nevis (high-income), was bought from alcohol shops (“take-away”or “take-out”). The trading hours of premises are a key availability policy lever. Studies have shown the impacts of changes to trading hours. With this study complementary data is presented, quantifying at what times drinkers purchase alcohol, including late purchase. Time taken to access alcohol may also be a useful measure of availability.Item Socio-economic disadvantage is associated with heavier drinking in high but not middle-income countries participating in the International alcohol control study(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2018-03-28) Huckle, Taisia; Romeo, Jose S.; Wall, Martin; Callinan, Sarah; Holmes, John; Meier, Petra; Mackintosh, Anne-Maree; Piazza, Marina; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Cuong, Pham Viet; Casswell, SallyAssociations between socio-economic disadvantage and heavier drinking vary depending on country-level income. These findings highlight the value of exploring cross-country differences in heavier drinking, and the importance of including country-level measurements to better elucidate relationships. Individual-level measures of disadvantage, lower education, and living in poverty, were associated with heavier drinking, consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion or drinking at the higher risk level, when all countries were considered together. Drinkers in the middle-income countries had a higher probability of consuming 8+ drinks on a typical occasion relative to drinkers in the high-income countries.Item Cross-country comparison of proportion of alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions using the International Alcohol Control Study(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2018-01-04) Cuong, Pham Viet; Casswell, Sally; Parker, Karl; Callinan, Sarah; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Kazantseva, Elena; Meier, Petra; Mackintosh, Anne-Marie; Piazza, Marina; Gray-Phillip, Gaile; Parry, Charles D.H.In general, a higher proportion of alcohol was consumed in harmful drinking occasions by respondents in the middle-income countries than respondents in the high-income countries. The proportion of informal alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions was lower than commercial alcohol. The proportion of commercial alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions in a range of alcohol markets shows the reliance of the transnational alcohol corporations on harmful alcohol use. This reliance underpins industry lobbying against effective policy and support for ineffective approaches. The conflict of interest between the alcohol industry and public health requires their exclusion from the alcohol policy space.Item Alcohol taxes’ contribution to prices in high and middle-income countries : data from the International Alcohol Control Study(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2017-10-26) Wall, Martin; Casswell, Sally; Callinan, Sarah; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Cuong, Pham Viet; Gray-Phillips, Gaile; Parry, Charles D.HThe paper draws on data from six participating countries of the International Alcohol Control Study to examine and evaluate their comparative prices and tax regimes. Both ad valorem and specific per unit of alcohol taxation systems are represented among the six countries. The prices differ widely between countries even though presented in terms of Purchasing Power Parity. The percentage of tax in the final price also varies widely but is much lower than the 75% goal set by the World Health Organization. There is a higher proportion of abstainers in middle-income countries and men drink much more alcohol than women.Item South African health review 2018(Health Systems Trust, 2018-11-01) Vawda, Yousuf; Gray, Andy; Rispel, Laetitia C.; Padarath, AshnieDrawn from a wide variety of sources to provide an overview of health systems issues in South Africa, the central focus of the 2018 Review is human resources for health (HRH). This edition also provides analysis and commentary on citizen health and the responsiveness of the health system. Chapters on mental health, disease surveillance, epidemiological trends, quality improvement, management of infectious and communicable diseases, and increase in ‘obesogenic’ (obesity promoting) environments are included. The values of equity, human rights and social justice must be central to South Africa’s quest for universal health care (UHC).Item Alcohol environment protocol : a new tool for alcohol policy(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2017-12-05) Casswell, Sally; Morojele, Neo; Williams, Petal Petersen; Chaiyasong, Surasak; Gordon, Ross; Gray-Phillip, Gaile; Cuong, Pham Viet; MacKintosh, Anne-Marie; Halliday, Sharon; Railton, Renee; Randerson, Steve; Parry, Charles D. H.Findings of the study show that in countries with fewer resources, alcohol policies are less effective because of lack of implementation and enforcement and, in the case of marketing, lack of regulation. This has implications for increases in consumption as a result of the expanding distribution and marketing of commercial alcohol and consequent increases in alcohol-related harm. This study uses the Alcohol Environment Protocol, an International Alcohol Control study research tool, which documents the alcohol policy environment by standardised collection of data from administrative sources, observational studies, and interviews with key informants to allow for cross-country comparison and change over time.Item International alcohol control study : analyses from the first wave(John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs, 2018-08-23) Casswell, SallyThe article provides background to the international alcohol control (IAC) study including design for policy evaluation, methodology, countries involved, and study objectives. The IAC study has provided a research platform for diverse countries to collect alcohol consumption and policy-relevant data in comparable ways. This special journal issue presents the first cross country analyses from 10 countries of the IAC. Results from the Alcohol Environment Protocol describe differences in legislative and regulatory frameworks, socio-economic and policy-relevant behaviours, and key informants’ perceptions of alcohol policy implementation and enforcement. Taxation systems and prices paid for alcohol by survey respondents from six countries were analysed.Item Fundamentals of research and action in food systems for the prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCD) : a scoping review(IDRC / Universidad del Valle, 2018) Mendez, Fabian; Suarez, Fabian; Alarcon, SeleneThis scoping review aims to characteerize the research and actions on food systems for the prevention of NCCD. Additionally, it aims to analyse coincidences, differences and possible synergies with Ecohealth principles. The purpose of this analysis is to contribute to the strengthening of research methodolodies and strategies for FS and to build a common mobilization and intervention agenda in this topic.Item Fundamentos de la investigación y acción en sistemas alimentarios para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) : una revisión exploratoria(IDRC / Universidad del Valle, 2018) Mendez, Fabian; Suarez, Fabian; Alarcon, SeleneEsta revisión exploratoria tiene como objetivo caracterizar la investigación y la acción en los sistemas alimentarios para la prevención de ECNT. Adicionalmente, pretende analizar las coincidencias, diferencias y posibles sinergias con los principios del enfoque de Ecosalud. A partir de este análisis se tiene el propósito de contribuir al fortalecimiento de las metodologías y estrategias de investigación y construir una agenda común de movilización e intervención para los sistemas alimentarios.Item Contenido de azúcares en bebidas no alcohólicas comercializadas en Argentina y Costa Rica(Dirección de Investigación para la Salud, 2017-03) Tiscornia, María Victoria; Heredia-Blonval, Katrina; Allemandi, Lorena; Blanco-Metzler, Adriana; Ponce, MiguelINTRODUCCIÓN: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas está vinculado con un mayor riesgo de obesidad. OBJETIVOS: Comparar el contenido de azúcares declarado en el etiquetado nutricional de diferentes bebidas no alcohólicas comercializadas en Argentina y Costa Rica. MÉTODOS: Se recogieron datos de azúcares reportados en 13 categorías de bebidas no alcohólicas comercializadas en supermercados en 2012 y 2013. En ambos países se calculó la media de azúcares en una porción estándar de 200 ml. RESULTADOS: Dentro de las bebidas no alcohólicas comercializadas en Argentina (n=287) y Costa Rica (n=495) predominaron las azucaradas (77,6%), de las cuales la mayoría (56%; n=435) mostró contenidos de azúcares por encima del 20% del valor diario recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Costa Rica presentó en promedio niveles superiores a los de Argentina. Las categorías con mayor contenido de azúcares en Costa Rica fueron: néctares (24,7 g/200 ml), jugos de fruta (22,5 g/200 ml) y gaseosas regulares (22,5 g/200 ml). En Argentina, gaseosas regulares (20,9 g/200 ml), jugos de fruta (18,5 g/200 ml) y bebidas a base de soja (14,9 g/200 ml). CONCLUSIONES: Este es el primer estudio que analiza y compara el contenido de azúcares de bebidas no alcohólicas en dos países latinoamericanos. El alto contenido observado y la elevada prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la región evidencian la necesidad de establecer políticas públicas para reducir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas.Item Analysis of a voluntary initiative to reduce sodium in processed and ultra-processed food products in Argentina : the views of public and private sector representatives(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2017) Castronuovo, Luciana; Allemandi, Lorena; Tiscornia, Victoria; Champagne, Beatriz; Campbell, Norm; Schoj, VeronicaThis study is part of a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research strategy to monitor sodium reduction policies in Argentina. The qualitative study design aims to contribute to the body of research in the public health sector regarding voluntary initiatives and public-private partnerships (PPPs) towards prevention of non-communicable diseases, and to understand the policy process of PPPs from stakeholders’ perspectives. Objectives include: (1) to identify the role and resources of the different major stakeholders; (2) analyze the main challenges and controversies perceived by stakeholders; and (3) analyze stakeholders’ perspectives concerning mandatory vs. voluntary initiatives. The article discusses the initiative’s challenges and controversies.Item Implementación de un programa poblacional para reducir el consumo de sal/sodio en Costa Rica : informe técnico final (1 de abril, 2012 – 30 de Septiembre, 2016)(Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, CR, 2016-09) Blanco Metzler, Adriana; Heredia Blonval, Katrina; de los Angeles Montero Campos, María; Benavides, KarlaLas iniciativas dirigidas a promover la reducción del consumo de sal/sodio en la población, tienen el potencial de contribuir a la prevención de enfermedades y mejorar el control de la salud cardiovascular y de los padecimientos asociados, así como el de ahorrar millones de colones al sistema de seguridad social de Costa Rica. Desafíos para la reducción de consumo de sodio en la población de este país de ingreso medio son: 1) la ausencia de líneas basales de consumo de sodio y el conocimiento de sus principales fuentes 2) poca información sobre contenido de sodio en los alimentos procesados y preparados, 3) limitada conciencia en los consumidores acerca de la sal, el sodio y de sus consecuencias en la salud, 4) ausencia de metas nacionales de reducción de sodio en las principales categorías de alimentos fuentes de sodio y 5) la necesidad de una regulación y monitoreo efectivo del etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos Con el presente proyecto se inicia la implementación del Plan Nacional de Reducción de Sal/Sodio para la Población de Costa Rica 2011-2021, publicado en mayo del 2011. El objetivo general del proyecto es generar evidencia científica y herramientas, sensibilizar a los sectores interesados (“stakeholders”), además desarrollar capacidad (“built capacity”) en el país para apoyar la implementación de políticas e intervenciones relacionadas con la reducción del consumo de sal/sodio en la población de Costa Rica. A lo largo del presente informe se describen por objetivo específico (cinco en total) los principales resultados y productos, los retos, la forma de cómo los resultados están siendo usados y su respectivo impacto, las razones de los retrasos y los resultados no esperados y sorpresivos. Además, se documentan recomendaciones administrativas...Item Industria del alcohol en América Latina : una mirada desde la salud pública a los programas de responsabilidad social empresarial(2016) Grupo de Sustancias Psicoactivas y Lesiones por Causa Externa (IPSIBAT-UNMdP-CONICET)Item Industria del alcohol en Argentina : una mirada desde la salud pública a los programas de responsabilidad social empresarial(2016) Grupo de Sustancias Psicoactivas y Lesiones por Causa Externa (IPSIBAT-UNMdP-CONICET)Item Evaluación de las acciones de responsabilidad social empresarial de la industria del alcohol : estudio regional multidisciplinario(2014) Centro de Investigación para la Epidemia del Tabaquismo (CIET); Uruguay. Junta Nacional de DrogasItem Caso : industria del alcohol en Uruguay; análisis de la efectividad y fortaleza de la evidencia en las actividades de la industria para reducir el consumo nocivo de alcohol(2016) Observatorio Uruguayo de Drogas (OUD); Centro de Investigación para la Epidemia del Tabaquismo (CIET)Item Acciones de prensa temas : obesidad infantil y publicidad de alimentos; del 01/09/2015 al 22/04/2016(Fundación InterAmericana del Corazón (FIC Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2016) Fundación InterAmericana del Corazón (FIC Argentina)