Turning health research into policy / Faire en sorte que la recherche en santé influence les politiques
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Item Turning health research into policy : final technical report(2015-05) Lavis, John; Sewankambo, NelsonThis comprehensive report reviews the first multi-country study of knowledge translation (KT) platforms, a five-year research and capacity-building program focused on supporting evidence-informed health policies and systems in Africa. Eight KT platforms that became fully active in Africa are the focus of the evaluation and constitute the only well-studied of such experiments globally. Evidence-informed health policies and systems can be defined as the use of the best available research evidence in the time available in each of the agenda-setting, policy development and policy implementation phases of the health policy process. Citations for project outputs are provided in the bibliography.Item The Development Innovation Fund in Health - final technical report(2017-03) Singer, Peter; Brook, David; Karlee, Silver; Mackie, JocelynThe Development Innovation Fund in Health (DIF-H), through Grand Challenges Canada (GCC) explored the potential to use an outside-of-government delivery vehicle to foster development innovation while maintaining strong accountability to Parliament. GCC delivered on objectives through three targeted challenges: Saving Lives at Birth, Saving Brains, and Global Mental Health. In addition, GCC was the anchor investor in the Global Health Investment Fund, a $108 million social impact investment fund. One of the more powerful aspects of the GCC model has been the ability to drive significant interest and engagement in innovators across Canada and throughout the developing world.Item Social networks, research evidence, and innovation in health policymaking in Burkina Faso(McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CA, 2013-11) Jessica C. ShearerFew attempts have been made to collect data on national-level policy-makers’ networks; this thesis aims to understand the exchange and use of research evidence in policy networks, a critical substantive gap, and uses social network analysis (SNA) to study national health policy networks and their outcomes, which will improve the generalizability, as well as overall usefulness, of SNA of policy-making. Efforts must be made to create a policymaking culture where policy actors can confidently demand research towards evidence, as part of policy making processes, and where they are willing to use political capital to request and provide it.Item Evidence briefs and deliberative dialogues : perceptions and intentions to act on what was learnt(World Health Organization (WHO), 2014-01) Moat, Kaelan A.; Lavis, John N.; Clancy, Sarah J.; El-Jardali, Fadi; Pantoja, TomasEvidence briefs and deliberative dialogues aimed at policy-makers and stakeholders appear to be useful, highly regarded, and lead to intentions to act. The present study is an early attempt to develop better understanding about these relatively new strategies to support the use of research evidence in policymaking. Respondents to the survey generally reported strong intentions to act on what they had learned from evidence briefs. Overall, “not concluding with recommendations” and “not aiming for a consensus” were identified as the least helpful features of briefs and dialogues, respectively.Item Estudo de método para extração de agrotóxicos em hepatopâncreas de siri por MSPD e determinação por CG-IE-EM(2011) Bolzan, C M; Martins, G A; de Menezes, E J; Caldas, S S; Dias, A NA ocorrência de inúmeros compostos orgânicos nos compartimentos bióticos e os possíveis efeitos deletérios que estes podem causar aos ecossistemas aquáticos tem sido uma crescente preocupação. Embora a determinação destes compostos gere informações suplementares com relação aos contaminantes biodisponíveis, as determinações de resíduos de agrotóxicos em espécies comuns do ambiente aquático são geralmente desconhecidas. Em tecidos biológicos, onde as concentrações do analito são baixas e a matriz é complexa, o preparo de amostra é uma etapa fundamental. A técnica de dispersão da matrix em fase sólida (MSPD), apresenta as vantagens de utilizar pequena quantidade de amostra e baixo volume de solventes orgânicos, além de baixo custo e rapidez. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar um método empregando extração por MSPD e determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) de 7 agrotóxicos em amostras de hepatopâncreas de siri.Item Climate for evidence-informed health systems: a profile of systematic review production in 41 low- and middle-income countries, 1996–2008(2011) Law, Tyler; Lavis, John; Hamandi, Ali; Cheung, Andrew; El-Jardali, FadiObjective: To describe systematic review production in 41 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the eastern Mediterranean to understand one dimension of the climate for evidence-informed health systems and to provide a baseline for an evaluation of knowledge translation initiatives.Methods: Our focus was systematic reviews published between 1996 and 2008 that had a corresponding author based in, or that appeared to target, one of the countries in these regions. We searched both Medline and Embase using validated search strategies, identified citations with a country name in the corresponding author's institutional affiliation or as a textword (i.e., an explicit mention in the title or abstract) or keyword, and coded articles describing a systematic review. We followed the same citation identification procedure for Health Systems Evidence, a database containing systematic reviews about health systems. Results: Systematic review production increased between three-fold (for Africa in Medline) and 110-fold (for Asia in Embase) between the first period (1996–2002) and second period (2003–2008). In the second period, China was more often the home of corresponding authors and the target of reviews than any other country. No systematic reviews were produced by a corresponding author based in nine countries, or appeared to target five countries. Only 48 reviews identified through Medline and Embase addressed health systems, and 35 health systems reviews identified through Health Systems Evidence addressed these countries. Conclusion: In many countries, those seeking to support evidence-informed health systems cannot turn to experienced local systematic reviewers to help them to find and use systematic reviews or to conduct reviews on high priority topics when none exists. These findings suggest the need for local capacity-building initiatives.Item Outcomes Evaluation - Procedures Manual for for Evaluating Knowledge-Translation Platforms in Low- and Middle- Income Countries(2011-11) Johnson, Nancy A; Lavis, John NItem Overview - Procedures Manual for Evaluating Knowledge-Translation Platforms in Low- and Middle- Income Countries(2011-11) Johnson, Nancy; Lavis, JohnKnowledge-translation (KT) platforms seek to convert the knowledge arising from research into the types of action on the ground that can mean the difference between life and death, or the difference between good health and bad health for a country's citizens. This KTPE study (over 4 years) describes what the KT platforms are doing, which of their efforts can be improved, and which combinations of their (infra)structure, activities, and outputs can be matched to particular contexts in order to achieve desired outcomes and impact. As well, it reviews some of the challenges of linking research evidence to health systems policy.Item Aperçu - Manuel des méthodes d'évaluation des plate-formes d'application et échanges des bases factuelles dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire (PRFI)(2011-11) Johnson, Nancy A; Lavis, John NItem Formative Evaluation - Procedures Manual for Evaluating Knowledge-Translation Platforms in Low- and Middle- Income Countries(2011-11) Johnson, Nancy A; Lavis, John NItem Annual Profile & Inventory - Procedures Manual for Evaluating Knowledge-Translation Platforms in Low- and Middle- Income Countries(2011-11) Johnson, Nancy A; Lavis, John NItem Supporting efforts to link research to action in health systems(2009-10) Lavis, John NItem Using the SUPPORT tools to build capacity in evidence-informed policymaking(2010-05) Lavis, John NItem Climate for evidence-informed health systems: A print media analysis in 44 low- and middle-income countries that host knowledge-translation platforms(BioMed Central, United Kingdom, 2011-08) Cheung, Andrew; Lavis, John N; Hamandi, Ali; El-Jardali, Fadi; Sachs, Jonathan; Sewankambo, NelsonIn many countries print media are largely silent about three topics central to evidence-informed health systems: policy priorities in the health sector, health research evidence, and policy dialogues regarding health issues. These findings suggest the need for proactive-media engagement strategies. A print media analysis was conducted in 44 countries in the global south in order to better understand the climate for evidence-informed health systems, and to provide a baseline for evaluation of knowledge-translation platforms. Few articles describing health research evidence discussed systematic reviews (2%) or health systems research (2%), or researcher involvement (9%).