Justice / Justice

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    Preventing crime and violence through work and wages : the impact of the Community Work Programme
    (Institute for Security Studies, 2015-06) Bruce, David
    The article offers an analysis of the potential impact of the Community Work Programme (CWP) on crime and violence. The main forms of crime or violence referred to in this article are property crime and intimate partner (domestic) violence against women. Whereas the CWP may have a beneficial impact on children in a household, it appears that the programme may aggravate the risk of violence; it is necessary to recognise that these job opportunities are largely accessed by women rather than by young men, who tend to be the main participants in crime and violence.
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    Working for safety : the Community Work Programme as a tool for preventing violence and building safer communities
    (Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), Braamfontein, ZA, 2015-10) Bruce, David; Merwe, Hugo van der; Brankovic, Jasmina; Masuku, Themba
    At sites where violence and crime have been identified as key concerns by the community, the CWP has tried to find ways of addressing these factors. At some sites the CWP has become a vehicle for awareness-raising and community mobilisation. Participants in a Youth Mentoring programme learn skills such as nonviolent conflict resolution, gender and community awareness, mediation, and how to identify a child at risk. However, preventing violence and crime should not be seen as more important than other key developmental goals such as improving education and care.
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    The good, the better and the best : how the Community Work Programme can reach its full potential as an instrument of community development in South Africa
    (Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), Braamfontein, ZA, 2015-10) Bruce, David
    The CWP was established in response to the structural nature of unemployment, as an employment safety net beneficial to community development. Management of CWP sites includes a wide range of tasks such as ensuring that communities participate in identification of useful work, that recruitment is done fairly, and that the site has the proper equipment and technical assistance to do quality work. The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) is a multi-disciplinary non-governmental organisation (NGO) involved in research, community interventions, and training. Its goal is to build reconciliation, democracy and a human rights culture.
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    Développement à l'ombre de la violence : un programme de connaissances pour l'action; l'orientation future des investissements en recherche sur les questions de fragilité, conflit, et sécurité, Genève, le 22 Septembre, 2011
    (Center on International Cooperation, 2011-11) Elgin-Cossart, Molly; Brown, Kaysie
    Les États fragiles sont sujets à des cycles de violence récurrents. La violence alimente leur sous-développement chronique. Les taux de pauvreté dans les pays pauvres et violents sont, en moyenne, de 20 points supérieurs à ceux des pays pauvres et pacifiques. Par le passé, les travaux consacrés aux conflits cherchaient souvent à les expliquer par une seule cause (l’ethnicité, la « cupidité », etc.). Il s’agissait de trouver l’arme secrète correspondante pour remédier au problème de la fragilité. Nous savons désormais avec certitude que des causes multiples et complexes, en général conjuguées, sont à l’origine d’un conflit. Nous savons qu’il est difficile, mais pas impossible, de sortir durablement d’un conflit, que des règlements politiques inclusifs sont importants pour la paix, et qu’il est vital pour y parvenir d’instaurer la confiance dans le règlement politique et dans des institutions réformées. Nous savons également que cela prend du temps, souvent des décennies. Mais quelle que soit la complexité des causes, la logique de base, sous-jacente à ces conflits, reste simple : les violences se produisent dans des contextes où les alternatives institutionnelles à la violence sont faibles ou inexistantes ; des institutions faibles conjuguées à un ensemble de motivations politiques, sécuritaires et économiques (et à des pressions extérieures) créent les conditions du conflit et de la violence...
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    Development in the shadow of violence : a knowledge agenda for policy; report on the Future Direction of Investment in Evidence on Issues of Fragility, Security and Conflict Geneva, September 22, 2011
    (Center on International Cooperation, 2011-11) Brown, Kaysie; Elgin-Cossart, Molly; Jones, Bruce
    Fragile states are beset and defined by recurring cycles of violence, and violence feeds their chronic underdevelopment. Violent and impoverished countries have poverty rates that are, on average, 20 points higher than their impoverished but peaceful counterparts. However, much of what is “known” by the research community is not “known” by policy and practice communities. Three pieces, in particular are key to understanding this gap: academic research tends not to focus on policy tools, limiting its relevance to decision-makers; donor funded evidence is rarely rigorous enough to translate into implementation; and we have lacked (until now) a baseline framework against which knowledge can accumulate.
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    Violencia y seguridad ciudadana : referencias bibliograficas
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2012) Carrión M., Fernando; Ron Bazurto, Isabel
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    Proyecto Gobernanza de la Seguridad en la Frontera Norte Ecuatoriana : informe técnico final
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2011) Johanna Espín M.
    La inseguridad se ha convertido en uno de los temas más relevantes en las ciudades latinoamericanas, en parte debido al incremento de su magnitud, a las nuevas formas que asume y a los impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales que produce. Sin embargo, en las zonas de frontera, las cuales generalmente se encuentran alejadas de los centros urbanos principales, la situación tiene características aún más particulares y complejas. Ante esto, se hace necesario posicionar dicha problemática en el debate público, con la finalidad de conocer la realidad cotidiana de las poblaciones fronterizas, definir políticas públicas certeras y, además, reducir la distancia que existe entre los planes implementados desde la capital (centro) y los problemas que tiene la población del cordón fronterizo (periferias). En este contexto, el Programa de Estudios de la Ciudad de FLACSO sede Ecuador viene trabajando en un proyecto de investigación sobre el sistema de gobernanza de la seguridad ciudadana en las poblaciones de la frontera norte ecuatoriana, con el fin de conocer y entender con mayor profundidad las características de la violencia fronteriza. Dicha investigación se origina en la comprensión de que las fronteras han sido tradicionalmente pensadas desde el ámbito nacional, por lo que las demandas locales y las dinámicas transfronterizas han sido sistemáticamente ignoradas. Por esto, en términos de seguridad, se ha priorizado la seguridad nacional sobre la seguridad ciudadana. A lo largo de la investigación, se analizan varios conflictos y manifestaciones de violencia en la zona, al igual que las estrategias de seguridad implementadas, tanto desde el nivel local como nacional. En este Informe Técnico Final, se realiza un recorrido por todo el proceso de investigación, con el propósito de dar cuenta del cumplimiento de los objetivos y resultados esperados. Este documento ha sido elaborado con una estructura, que permite conocer tanto la propuesta, problema de investigación y objetivos, como la metodología implementadas, las actividades realizadas, los productos elaborados y los beneficios alcanzados, al igual que una serie de recomendaciones finales para investigaciones futuras.
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 7, marzo 2011
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2011)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 6, enero 2011
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2011)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 5, noviembre 2010
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2010)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 4, agosto 2010
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2010)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 3, mayo 2010
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2010)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 2, febrero 2010
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2010)
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    Boletín Fronteras, no. 1, octubre 2009
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2009)
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    Relaciones fronterizas : encuentros y conflictos
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2011) Carrión M., Fernando; Espín M., Johanna
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    Tanzania : Maasai women gain access to land
    (Farm Radio International, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2010) Ceburet, John
    Farm Radio Weekly is a news and information service for rural radio broadcasters in sub-Saharan Africa. This online screen-capture/snapshot focuses on the Maasai Women Development Association (MWEDO) which has enabled 850 women from two districts to acquire land. They have achieved this through lobbying for their rights under Tanzania’s Village Land Act of 1999. The Act provides for equal access and ownership of land between men and women.
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    Women's rights and access to land in Africa
    (WRENmedia, 2010) Tsikata, Dzodzi
    Women produce more than 80 per cent of the food in Africa, yet own only one per cent of the land. Despite supportive laws in some countries, women face discrimination, particularly when widowed or divorced. To ensure that women obtain leverage in land matters will require revisiting land distributive mechanisms. If women were able to access credit, they would be able to increasingly break the barriers of the land market and be able to purchase and own land. Snippets of dialogue are quoted in this brief article in relation to land reform and women’s rights.
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    Customary law still bars women’s access to land
    (Association for Women’s Rights in Development (AWID), 2010)
    This article brings the problems of land administration, women’s rights and access to land, and hereditary law into focus. When her husband died, Namukasa did not struggle with his relatives for a share of his estate; she moved back to her own family home in central Uganda with her children. But when her father died, his sisters/her aunts decided that only her younger brother was entitled to a share in the land, and asked her to leave. Uganda's constitution grants women equality and legal protection against discriminatory traditional practice, but there have been no reforms to the law and the constitutional provision has had little impact.
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    Empowering women through access to and control over land in context of gender biased green revolution policies : action research project in Manhiça district, Mozambique
    (Fórum Mulher, Maputo, MZ, 2009) Andrade, Ximena; Cristiano, André; Casimiro, Isabel; Jose, Andre; de Almeida, Irene
    Political strategies for the agrarian sector endanger the right to land for smallholder families, and particularly for women, as the ones who traditionally cultivate the land. This research identifies problems faced by women in access to and control of land in the District of Manhiça (Mozambique). Many men leave their families to work in South Africa. The women have no claim to the land and rely on it for food security. They depend on men to control and register it. Recommendations are made in support of literacy, land reforms, legal information, titles and joint titles for women.
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    Promoting women’s access to and control over land in the Central Highlands of Madagascar
    (2011) Ravoniarisoa, Lilia Hantanirina; Ramiaramanana, Danièle; Ramaroson, Mino Harivelo; Andriamamonjy, Fidy
    The project analysed and supported women’s struggles for their legal and customary rights to access and control of land in two rural regions of the central highlands of Madagascar. As well, the project defined a set of specific objectives which included lobbying for land reform and land administration policies and practices. Women either do not inherit land at all or may receive a small piece of upland from their parents when they get married.