Governance / Gouvernance

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    Reducing urban violence in the global south
    (Routledge, 2019-05-31) Salahub, Jennifer Erin; Gottsbacher, Markus; de Boer, John; D., Mayssam
    Reducing Urban Violence in the Global South seeks to identify the drivers of urban violence in the cities of the Global South and how they relate to and interact with poverty and inequalities. Drawing on the findings of an ambitious five-year, 15-project research program supported by Canada’s International Development Research Centre and the UK’s Department for International Development, the book explores what works, and what doesn’t, to prevent and reduce violence in urban centres. Cities in developing countries are often seen as key drivers of economic growth, but they are often also the sites of extreme violence, poverty, and inequality. The research in this book was developed and conducted by researchers from the Global South, who work and live in the countries studied, and challenges many of the assumptions from the Global North of how poverty, violence, and inequalities interact in urban spaces. In so doing, the book demonstrates that accepted understandings of the causes of and solutions to urban violence developed in the Global North should not be imported into the Global South without careful consideration of local dynamics and contexts. The book concludes by considering the broader implications for policy and practice, offering recommendations for improving interventions to make cities safer and more inclusive. The fresh perspectives and insights offered by this book will be useful to scholars and students of development and urban violence, as well as to practitioners and policymakers working on urban violence reduction programs.
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    Social theories of urban violence in the Global South : towards safe and inclusive cities
    (Routledge, 2018-04) Salahub, Jennifer Erin; Gottsbacher, Markus; de Boer, John
    Investing in research from the ground up, based on local realities and local understandings, the chapters in this book reflect research undertaken in dozens of cities in Latin America, Sub- Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Northern theories on their own are inadequate to explain everyday, structural, and sporadic forms of interpersonal and criminal violence in the cities assessed. At the core of this book is the ethos that lasting solutions to urban violence and inequality are best developed locally. This is the first of two books which map inter- linkages between social, political, and economic forms of inequality, exclusion, and violence.
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    Política en la violencia y lo político de la seguridad
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2018-02) Carrion Mena, Fernando
    Es imprescindible abrir el debate de un tema de crucial importancia en al ámbito de la (in) seguridad ciudadana: las relaciones dialécticas entre violencia y política, expresadas en el hecho de que la violencia ha producido – implícita y explícitamente – vínculos con la política y de que en la búsqueda de la seguridad ciudadana también está presente con fuerza, lo cual muestra que la violencia es un elemento fundamental en la construcción y el ejercicio del poder. Más necesario todavía por el peso creciente que ha adquirido el vínculo reciproco entre violencia, seguridad y política, a pesar de que aún no le concede la importancia que tiene, tanto en los estudios como en el diseño de las políticas. Es más, esta “omisión” tiene que ver con la posición explicita de negar la existencia de lo político en la violencia y en las propuestas de seguridad; lo cual obviamente, es una posición política porque al velar esta realidad se niega al conjunto de actores políticos y económicos que se benefician directa e indirectamente de la (in) seguridad. En otras palabras, los que afirman esta realidad de apoliticismo terminan por actual políticamente, favoreciendo a grupos legales e ilegales específicos.
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    Preventing crime and violence through work and wages : the impact of the Community Work Programme
    (Institute for Security Studies, 2015-06) Bruce, David
    The article offers an analysis of the potential impact of the Community Work Programme (CWP) on crime and violence. The main forms of crime or violence referred to in this article are property crime and intimate partner (domestic) violence against women. Whereas the CWP may have a beneficial impact on children in a household, it appears that the programme may aggravate the risk of violence; it is necessary to recognise that these job opportunities are largely accessed by women rather than by young men, who tend to be the main participants in crime and violence.
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    Working for safety : the Community Work Programme as a tool for preventing violence and building safer communities
    (Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), Braamfontein, ZA, 2015-10) Bruce, David; Merwe, Hugo van der; Brankovic, Jasmina; Masuku, Themba
    At sites where violence and crime have been identified as key concerns by the community, the CWP has tried to find ways of addressing these factors. At some sites the CWP has become a vehicle for awareness-raising and community mobilisation. Participants in a Youth Mentoring programme learn skills such as nonviolent conflict resolution, gender and community awareness, mediation, and how to identify a child at risk. However, preventing violence and crime should not be seen as more important than other key developmental goals such as improving education and care.
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    The good, the better and the best : how the Community Work Programme can reach its full potential as an instrument of community development in South Africa
    (Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), Braamfontein, ZA, 2015-10) Bruce, David
    The CWP was established in response to the structural nature of unemployment, as an employment safety net beneficial to community development. Management of CWP sites includes a wide range of tasks such as ensuring that communities participate in identification of useful work, that recruitment is done fairly, and that the site has the proper equipment and technical assistance to do quality work. The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) is a multi-disciplinary non-governmental organisation (NGO) involved in research, community interventions, and training. Its goal is to build reconciliation, democracy and a human rights culture.
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    Press release
    (Governance and Development Institute, Blantyre, MW, 2013-11)
    Rural women remain disempowered, have no access to meaningful economic empowerment, few of them own property, and due to these disadvantaged positions, are targets for gender based violence. Article 14 of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has not been instrumental in informing government policy on development that benefits rural women. Political involvement is low due to lack of road networks, communication systems, markets, schools and access to government structures. This is further impacted by rural women’s inability to articulate their right to development.
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    Political parties brief
    (Governance and Development Institute, Blantyre, MW, 2013)
    Focusing on the strategies that political parties have, or are putting in place to promote young women’s political participation in Malawi, the findings reflect that parties do not have organized strategies for promoting participation of youth and young women in politics. Women fail to participate in politics because they are not economically empowered, and political parties do not have programs that encourage youth participation.
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    Policy brief on young women's political participation
    (Governance and Development Institute, Blantyre, MW, 2013)
    Sections 20 and 24 of the Republican Constitution of Malawi are to the effect that rural women should not be discriminated against. Key findings dictate the need for the Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development to push for programs that will tackle the barriers that limit young rural women’s political participation, such as a quota system to ensure an increase in the number of young rural women who participate in politics at the local government level. Article 14 of CEDAW (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women) can also be implemented to address particular problems faced by rural women.
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    Young women in political participation in Africa : final technical report
    (Governance and Development Institute, Blantyre, MW, 2013-08) Kabwato, Linda K.
    The research explored how political parties and women in Parliament are supporting young women’s political participation, as well as the extent to which the state is implementing Article 14 of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) to influence the political participation of young rural women. The general election in 2014 marked twenty years since the first multi-party elections in Malawi. The country is predominantly rural and the majority of women are rural based (86%), hindering their political participation. The national government neglects women’s interests, meanwhile there are a few rural initiatives led by women.
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    Women's Political Participation / Center of Arab Women for the Training and Research (CAWTAR)
    (Center of Arab Women for the Training and Research (CAWTAR), Tunis, TN, 2013)
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    Formes traditionnelles, formes nouvelles de l'engagement politique des jeunes femmes en contexte de transition : le cas de la Tunisie; résumé exécutif
    (Centre de la Femme Arabe pour la Formation et la Recherche (CAWTAR), Tunis, TN, 2013-07) Ben Salem, Maryam
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    Traditional and new forms of young women's political engagement in a transitional context : Tunisia as example; executive summary
    (Center of Arab Women for the Training and Research (CAWTAR), Tunis, TN, 2013-07) Ben Salem, Maryam
    Forty-one interviews conducted with a diverse panel of women and men, enabled us to explore contrasting relations between politically active men and women, and as well, between politically active young women and older women. The loss of interest on the part of youth in conventional politics is reflected in new political behaviours such as cyber-activism which can bring to light dysfunctions characterizing conventional participation structures. We observed dysfunctions at the level of relations between generations, and noted that communication problems between young militant females and those identified to be role models, could lead to disengagement or militant reconversion.
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    Traditional and new forms of young women’s political engagement in a transitional context : Tunisia as example
    (Center of Arab Women for the Training and Research (CAWTAR), Tunis, TN, 2013-07) Ben Salem, Maryam
    The limits of “façade feminism” are reflected in the current regime’s rejection of ensuring full equality between men and women. Careful study of figures shown by the regime stressing its great modernity, clearly reveal inherent contradictions as it continues to divert individuals away from civic engagement and awareness. Young women’s political participation is distinct from that of young men, and has its own characteristics. These relate to both the type of participation and the engagement rate. Special focus is placed on analyzing key events that can modify or maintain political behaviour: change of status, biographical incidents, encounters, learning, and experiences.
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    Young women and political participation : institutional and informal mobilization paving the way to future actions; final technical report
    (Center of Arab Women for the Training and Research (CAWTAR), Tunis, TN, 2013)
    The research analyzed modalities of young women’s engagement in politics in Tunisia and conditions for sustainability commitments over time. The research consists of a comparison between new and traditional forms of political participation. On the basis of the research results, recommendations are provided aiming to enhance young women’s political participation. It includes a summary highlighting the main results, outputs and outcomes of the research project activities. Regarding the very specific historical moment (characterised by social, political and economic transformations associated with “Arab Spring”) in Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan, the research was unwittingly positioned as timely.
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    Young women political participation in Kenya : a study on the experiences and challenges of young women in political engagement
    (Women's Empowerment Link (WEL), Nairobi, KE, 2014) Mwatha, Regina G.; Mbugua, Grace; Murunga, Godwin
    This research has been undertaken as a collaborative effort between Women's Empowerment Link (WEL), a nongovernmental organization, the Gender Roundtable Series (GRS) formerly based at Kenyatta University and the National Gender & Equality Commission (NGEC); previously known as the National Gender and Development Commission. This study is a collaboration between Women's Empowerment Link (WEL), the Gender Roundtable Series (GRS), and the National Gender & Equality Commission (NGEC). It provides insight in to the minds of young women politicians and aspirants aged 18-35 years. To address the steep barriers young women face, some measures recommended are: targeted strategies to address the socialization processes that exclude girls from leadership and decision making; targeting men through gender awareness programmes; enhancement of youth empowerment programmes; promotion of leadership training programmes for young women; instilling transparency in nomination of candidates for elective positions.
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    Young women's political participation in Kenya : a study on the experiences and challenges of young women in political engagement; technical report
    (Women's Empowerment Link, Nairobi, KE, 2013) Mwatha, Regina; Mbugua, Grace; Murunga, Godwin
    Young women face many barriers in their pursuit of active political roles: this research established that masculinity and the patriarchal nature of politics, lack of resources, and lack of support for young women who seek to assume leadership roles, the impact of societal expectations and stereotypes, insecurity and gender-based humiliation and violence combine to undermine young women’s political ambitions. The reproductive roles of women constitute a challenge to their ascent into leadership. Some women candidates’ experiences are documented.
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    Violencia y seguridad ciudadana : referencias bibliograficas
    (FLACSO Ecuador, 2012) Carrión M., Fernando; Ron Bazurto, Isabel
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    Violence Prevention Alliance, issue brief no. 1, October 2011 / Peace brokers – understanding good practice in violence prevention and reduction in Jamaica
    (Violence Prevention Alliance Jamaica, University of the West Indies, Kingston, JM, 2011)
    This Issue Brief for the Violence Prevention Alliance draws attention to underreported success stories of organizations working to reduce and prevent violence in Jamaica, where youth are vastly overrepresented in official statistics on perpetrators and victims of violence. The article covers groups whose programs and community interventions are having a positive effect in decreasing patterns of violence. For many young men masculinity is defined in terms of violence. Interventions must address what human beings need inclusive of cultural, sporting, employment activities and life skills. Where violence defines masculinity, employment without life skills may be worthless.