Innovation and Inclusion in National Innovation Systems / Innovation et inclusion dans les systèmes nationaux d'innovation

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    Launch of Innovation for Inclusive Development Program - Video
    (2012) IDRC
    The video covers the Globelics conference (2011) which launched the IDRC Innovation for Inclusive Development (IID) programme. IID focuses on innovation in the informal sector of developing country economies, which are often left out of many of the benefits of Science, Technology and Innovation programmes. With few exceptions, most innovations do not improve the lives of the poorest. At the same time, a significant amount of innovative activity takes place in the growing informal sectors that operate outside of formal channels in developing countries.
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    Innovation Systems in sub-Saharan Africa and innovation indicators
    (2010-09)
    The presentation reflects on components of innovation systems and innovation system frameworks, including a bias towards the manufacturing sector. Coexistence of a formal sector with a large and growing informal sector is characteristic of innovation in South Africa. Design, engineering and associated management capabilities can play a direct and critical role in adapting and modifying specifications for integration into processes and products. This can be considered a link between new knowledge, and production of goods and services.
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    Interaction between Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Indicators and the STI Policy Agenda
    (2010-09)
    The presentation analyzes how STI Indicators may adversely affect policy, and articulates how African countries could be enabled to shape directions of change in the technologies they use. The statistics/indicators problem has involved a process of socio-institutional shaping of the statistical technology, with a reflexive movement which serves the interests of those same institutions. In terms of “developing countries” the technology transfer process was usually embedded in a specific type of national institutional context. The ‘real world’ of STI systems in developing countries was built to fit the imported models, maps and ‘blueprints’ created for statistical enumeration.
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    OECD Innovation Strategy and the Development Agenda
    (2010-09) Gault, Fred
    The presentation emphasizes that the activity of innovation is not an isolated event. A systems approach is implicit in the OECD Innovation Strategy and the Oslo Manual, as innovation requires support through policy and promotion. Knowledge about innovation policy for development needs to be improved, including changing the ways innovation is promoted, measured and discussed.
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    Indicators of Science, Technology and Innovation Presenation
    (2010-09) Gault, Fred
    This presentation provides valuable references to various manuals/guidelines that can discriminate differences between indicators, such as those for Research and Development, and those that apply to Science and Technology. The reference manuals can provide guidelines for the collection and interpretation of data and for international comparisons of data, statistics and indicators. At the same time, these standards are supported by an international infrastructure. Manuals provide a language of discourse and behave as codified knowledge. Patents; Technological Balance of Payments; Human Resources for Science and Technology; Bibliometrics; Innovation Systems, and others provide standardized indicators from which to analyze diverse levels of innovation.
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    Building the knowledge base for innovation
    (2010-09)
    The presentation focuses on innovation systems and knowledge generation/knowledge ecology. Innovating out of poverty requires supportive mechanisms such as: Financial services facilitating linkages; Money transfer; Banking services; Insurance; Empowering the unbanked (women). Knowledge policy is not just education policy. Knowledge creation, transmission and use is part of innovation systems.
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    Innovation Strategies and the Role for Indicators
    (2010-09) Gault, Fred
    The presentation focuses on innovation strategies in terms of South Africa’s goals for economic growth. Indicators can support monitoring, benchmarking, evaluation, foresight and research. The presentation provides a broad review of activities that can support innovation.
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    Challenges of Building Africa's Innovation Systems
    (2010-09) Muchie, Mammo
    The presentation provides clarification of aspects of innovation systems as they apply in the African context. It describes characteristics of emergent innovation systems and innovation drivers and actors. Ideas about the integration of Africa or of creating an Africa nation can themselves be considered as dynamic innovation systems requiring systemic approaches to understanding and creating knowledge in interaction with policies, institutions, system of innovation actors, and incentives. Innovation at the community level would require establishment of a Community Innovation System (CIS) to promote development from the bottom, not just from the state and business.
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    Data gathering and developing and using innovation indicators
    (2010-09) Kahn, Michael
    There are headline grabbing innovations such as cassette tape to CD to iPod. But it is the softer innovations that really matter: Clean water, Quality mass education, Safe and reliable mass transport systems, Clean and affordable food, Quality primary health care. Innovation involves ‘novelty’ – what exactly does this mean? The presentation analyzes how and what data and statistics measure; what underpins a measure (for example patenting and legal frameworks); ‘Research and Development’ and its link with economic growth. It reviews some ways of measuring growth and innovation, along with how various indicators can be generated and graphically displayed for ranking.
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    Role of design and engineering in African innovation systems-building
    (2010-09) Bell, Martin
    Engineering overlaps with design, but extends towards the realisation of specifications into concrete realities along with various kinds of ‘project management.’ Innovation systems are seen as part of the purposeful and explicit function of public policy. Design and engineering activities (and hence underlying capabilities) constitute a key ‘core’ of science, technology and innovation (STI) systems, especially in Africa. However, those activities and capabilities are woefully neglected in policy analysis and policy practice concerned with building African STI systems.
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    Development of an innovation strategy : experiences from Africa
    (2010-09) Gault, Fred
    The presentation analyzes innovation strategies and how to build an innovation strategy in the context of African countries. An innovation strategy or policy is an intention of government to influence the activity of innovation for a reason, such as jobs and growth. It may or may not include targets. An example is a tax policy to promote capital investment in ICTs.
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    Innovation Insights from Projects in African Countries
    (2010-10) Gault, Fred
    Implementation connects innovation to the market. The presentation focuses on user innovation in African countries, with several case studies: Innovation on farms; Telephone/mobile banking; User innovation in firms; Innovation in the informal sector (street vendors).
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    Building African Capacity in Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators
    (2012-03) Gault, Fred
    The aim was capacity building, with training of approximately 35 researchers, practitioners and junior- to mid-level policy makers in the use and application of science, technology and innovation (STI) indicators. Four case study teams were supported, one in Mozambique, one in Senegal and two in South Africa. Research capacity building strengthened research networks through conferences and access to further education. The reports on innovation in the informal economy, in agriculture, in firms that are user innovators, and in the diffusion of telephone banking and related financial services have common threads in knowledge creation and approaches to knowledge sharing.
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    On inclusive innovation and rural MSME clusters
    (Centre for Policy Research (CPR), New Delhi, IN, 2010) Raina, Rajeswari S.; Kurian, Nimmi; Joseph, K.J.; Haribabu, E.; Vivekanandan, Jayashree
    While a large proportion of rural micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) clusters are artisanal in nature (mostly handicraft and handloom based; to date estimated at about 6000 for the country), enterprises in these clusters continue to be plagued by no or limited access to credit, technology, and various business support services. Often manufacturing firms in rural areas are stuck with outdated methods and tools. This communiqué introduces a Systems of Innovation for Inclusive Development (SIID) research programme aimed at identifying innovation systems and appropriate innovative policy to support MSME cluster products and their diversification, and develop financial instruments for credit access.
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    Interrogating innovation systems : challenges of the excluded rural in India
    (Centre for Policy Research (CPR), New Delhi, IN, 2011) Raina, Rajeswari S.; Kurian, Nimmi; Joseph, K.J.; Haribabu, E.; Das, Keshab
    Programmes for inclusive development are conceived by and deployed through the same organizations and delivery mechanisms that enable mainstream economic growth, which may be overwhelmingly biased against ‘the rural’. Articles in this issue highlight a key finding from the Systems for Innovation for Inclusive Development (SIID) project: that inclusive development demands inclusive innovation systems. Informal low-tech occupations in agriculture, and rural industries provide livelihoods for over 80 percent of the Indian population. This special issue argues for institutional reform regarding inclusive development projects, understanding the linkages with inherently excluded sectors.
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    Innovation-led development path in the Philippines project : reflection and recommendation
    (Noviscape Consulting Group Company, 2011) Chairatana, Pun-Arj
    Some obstacles for measuring innovation in developing economies are: differing evolutionary paths; demand on special indicators to measure innovativeness; the complexity of enterprise processes; and the role of the non-technological dimension. In the Philippines context, it is challenging to assess innovative capabilities and innovation characteristics of firms relative to other scales of measurement, such as Research and Development infrastructure surveys or national or community innovation surveys, as largely, these are fragmented, late-coming, or do not as yet exist. The report focuses on results of the 2009 Survey of Innovation Activities (SIA), which is derived from innovation performances from four key cities.
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    Financing of industrial innovations in India : how effective are tax incentives for R&D?
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2011) Mani, Sunil
    The paper surveys the instruments that are available for innovation financing in India: research grants and loans, venture capital, and tax incentives. The analysis shows that the pharmaceutical industry has been targeted for most of these financial incentives. The paper is structured into four sections: Section 1 analyzes the innovative performance of India by employing a number of conventional and new indicators; Section 2 surveys various financial instruments that are available for financing of innovation; Section 3 measures effectiveness of tax incentives for financing R&D expenditures; Section 4 summarizes main findings of the study and identifies policy conclusions
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    Research project : national innovation systems of BRICS countries; final technical report (September 2007 to October 2010)
    (RedeSist-Economics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BR, 2010) Soares, Maria Clara Couto
    The central focus of the project is the national innovation system (NIS) of BRICS countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Analyses on the role played by the state, financing, direct investment and small and medium enterprises sectors are provided, as well as the challenge of inequality and its interrelations with the innovation systems of these countries. Research and capacity building activities, and research papers and outputs are presented along with comparisons between countries, and resulting policy implications. The creation of alternative innovation financing instruments implies governmental actions combined with an understanding of the relation between financial systems and innovation processes.