Papel das lideranças comunitárias em projetos de saúde e ambiente : uma análise das redes sociais em comunidades do Rio Tapajós, Pará
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Date
2009
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Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, BR
Abstract
O desmatamento na região amazônica favorece o aparecimento de duas problemáticas
de saúde humana, vinculadas ao uso inadequado da terra. Uma delas é a contaminação
mercurial, que ocorre por meio de processos de erosão e lixiviação da terra, em que o
mercúrio naturalmente encontrado nos solos da região contamina os ecossistemas
aquáticos, acumulando na cadeia trófica e atingindo as populações ribeirinhas que têm o
peixe como principal fonte de proteínas na alimentação. As práticas de desmatamento e
queima também favorecem a proliferação de palmeiras (Attalea sp), que são atualmente
consideradas o principal habitat dos triatomíneos responsáveis pela transmissão da
doença de Chagas, enfermidade emergente em florestas tropicais úmidas. A
investigação está inserida em um projeto interdisciplinar que visa entender as relações
entre o desmatamento, as práticas agrícolas das comunidades rurais, e as problemáticas
de saúde, especificamente vinculadas à emergência da doença de Chagas e da
contaminação por mercúrio na Amazônia Brasileira. A pesquisa foi realizada em três
comunidades do médio Tapajós, Pará, e está alicerçada nos princípios da abordagem
ecossistêmica, no qual pesquisadores e comunidades atuam de forma transdisciplinar,
participativa e eqüitativa. Analisamos a relevância do envolvimento das lideranças
comunitárias em saúde, agricultura e poder em projetos participativos de saúde e meio
ambiente, por meio da análise de redes sociais nas comunidades de estudo.
Entrevistamos 91% dos indivíduos das três comunidades com idade superior a 14 anos,
para identificar as redes sociais de poder e de troca de informações sobre práticas
agrícolas e sobre saúde. Foram observadas as lideranças de cada uma das redes, a partir
de medidas de centralidade. Os resultados buscaram entender o papel das lideranças
para promover maior participação na pesquisa. Neste sentido, identificamos e
caracterizamos as lideranças das áreas de poder, saúde e agricultura para selecionarmos
pessoas para o envolvimento a longo-prazo, em um processo integrador e abrangente
que promova o diálogo de saberes e a transdisciplinaridade acerca das problemáticas
complexas de saúde e ambiente.
Deforestation practices in Amazon region lead to the development of two health problems related to the inappropriate land use. One of them is the mercurial contamination, which occurs through the erosion and lixiviation of the land, when the mercury naturally found on the ground of the region contaminates the aquatic ecosystem, accumulating in the trophic chains reaching the “ribeirinhos” population who have fish as their main source of protein in their diet. The deforestation practices and burning cause the proliferation of palm trees (Attalea sp), which are currently considered the main habitat of the Triatominae the- responsible insect for the transmission of Chagas disease, which has increased in tropical and humid forests. The study is a part of an interdisciplinary research team that aims to understand the relationship between deforestation practices, agricultural practices of rural communities, and human health directed to the emergence of Chagas disease and mercurial contamination. This research has been done in three communities of the Medium Tapajos, Brazilian Amazon, and it is supported by the ecosystem approach, where researchers and the community work on a transdisciplinary, participative and equalitarian way. The target is to analyze the importance of the leaders in health, agriculture and development to the participative process of ecohealth projects, through analyses of social network groups in the studied communities. We interviewed 91% of the individuals from the three communities with ages over than 14 years old, to identify social networks of power, and their information exchange on agricultural practices and health. Each leadership of the group was studied, from central measures. The results showed the leadership importance to promote larger participation of the community in the project activities. In this aspect we identified and characterized all community leaders related to development, health and agriculture areas. Afterward, we selected potential leadership to include in a long-term integrated participative process, that links different areas, promoting knowledge dialogue and transdisciplinarity in complex ecosystems and health problems.
Deforestation practices in Amazon region lead to the development of two health problems related to the inappropriate land use. One of them is the mercurial contamination, which occurs through the erosion and lixiviation of the land, when the mercury naturally found on the ground of the region contaminates the aquatic ecosystem, accumulating in the trophic chains reaching the “ribeirinhos” population who have fish as their main source of protein in their diet. The deforestation practices and burning cause the proliferation of palm trees (Attalea sp), which are currently considered the main habitat of the Triatominae the- responsible insect for the transmission of Chagas disease, which has increased in tropical and humid forests. The study is a part of an interdisciplinary research team that aims to understand the relationship between deforestation practices, agricultural practices of rural communities, and human health directed to the emergence of Chagas disease and mercurial contamination. This research has been done in three communities of the Medium Tapajos, Brazilian Amazon, and it is supported by the ecosystem approach, where researchers and the community work on a transdisciplinary, participative and equalitarian way. The target is to analyze the importance of the leaders in health, agriculture and development to the participative process of ecohealth projects, through analyses of social network groups in the studied communities. We interviewed 91% of the individuals from the three communities with ages over than 14 years old, to identify social networks of power, and their information exchange on agricultural practices and health. Each leadership of the group was studied, from central measures. The results showed the leadership importance to promote larger participation of the community in the project activities. In this aspect we identified and characterized all community leaders related to development, health and agriculture areas. Afterward, we selected potential leadership to include in a long-term integrated participative process, that links different areas, promoting knowledge dialogue and transdisciplinarity in complex ecosystems and health problems.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Brasília, 2009
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Keywords
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, LEADERSHIP, SOCIAL NETWORKS, PARTICIPACION COMUNITARIA, LIDERAZGO COMUNITARIO, CAPITAL SOCIAL, CONTAMINACION POR MERCURIO, ENFERMEDADES DE ORIGEN VECTORIAL, DEFORESTACION, CHAGAS DISEASE, REGION AMAZONICA