A gender-transformative approach to research requires an understanding of contexts and the intersections between gender and other social identities, such as race, age, and sexual orientation, and other intersectional aspects that impact people’s choices. This paper describes IDRC’s experience supporting gender-transformative research over the last decade and provides lessons for researchers and practitioners. The cases presented here illustrate gender transformative research in action. They examined the root causes and structural barriers that contribute to gender inequalities, in terms of both opportunities and outcomes. Whose knowledge is captured and, in turn, who gets to shape the issue, are critical questions.