2010-2019 / Années 2010-2019

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Publications from the 2010s.

Publications des années 2010s.



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    Evaluation of solar PV microgrid deployment sustainability in rural areas : a fuzzy STEEP approach
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2019-07) Akinyele, Daniel; Olatomiwa, Lanre; Ighravwe, Desmond; Babatunde, Olubayo; Monyei, Chukwuka; Onile, Abiodun
    In recent times, the sustainability of renewable energy systems has been a concern to energy planners and decision-makers. This interest is because of system failures that are experienced in several communities. The current paper, therefore, uses a Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) - Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) approach to select a suitable location for microgrid deployment in rural communities. STEEP (social-technical-economic-environmental-policy) criteria were used to select a suitable location for solar microgrid deployment. Three sub-criteria for each of the STEEP criteria were created to achieve this study objective. During the approach implementation, experts' judgments were used to generate relevant data for the proposed model testing. The case study for the model implementation was four rural locations in Nigeria. The model ranked the most and least preferred requirements for solar PV deployment as social and economic requirements, respectively. Also, the model was able to determine the solar PV microgrid sustainability values for the considered rural locations.
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    Legal land ownership in Rwanda : overview of the effectiveness of land reform
    (2019) Manirakiza, Vincent; Nzahabwanayo, Sylvestre; Muhire, Innocent; Niyitanga, Fidèle
    In Rwanda, land is the backbone of livelihood because agriculture is the mainstay of subsistence for about 85% of the working population and accounts for over one-third of GDP. However, the growing decrease of land ownership per household due to rapid population growth is a serious challenge. Lack of land is one of the major causes of poverty and a source of conflict. This paper is based on the authors’ experience on land issues and data drawn from various documents, including official reports and policy documents as well as the results of different studies on the land sector. It is structured into three parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first section gives a short overview of land reform in Africa. The second section depicts the journey of land reform in Rwanda. The last section is dedicated to the achievements and challenges of the land tenure reform process in Rwanda.
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    Recent trends in the daily rainfall regime in southern West Africa
    (MDPI, 2019-11) Nkrumah, F.; Vischel, T.; Panthou, G.; Klutse, Nana A. B.; Adukpo, D.C.; Diedhiou, A.
    Extreme climate events, either being linked to dry spells or extreme precipitation, are of major concern in Africa, a region in which the economy and population are highly vulnerable to climate hazards. However, recent trends in climate events are not often documented in this poorly surveyed continent. This study makes use of a large set of daily rain gauge data covering Southern West Africa (extending from 10◦ W to 10◦ E and from 4◦ N to 12◦ N) from 1950 to 2014. The evolution of the number and the intensity of daily rainfall events, especially the most extremes, were analyzed at the annual and seasonal scales. During the first rainy season (April–July), mean annual rainfall is observed to have a minor trend due to less frequent but more intense rainfall mainly along the coast of Southern West Africa (SWA) over the last two decades. The north–south seasonal changes exhibit an increase in mean annual rainfall over the last decade during the second rainy season (September–November) linked by both an increase in the frequency of occurrence of rainy days as well as an increase in the mean intensity and extreme events over the last decade. The study also provides evidence of a disparity that exists between the west and east of SWA, with the east recording a stronger increase in the mean intensity of wet days and extreme rainfall during the second rainy season (September–November).
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    Identification of potential drought areas in West Africa under climate change and variability
    (Springer, 2019-10) Quenum, Gandomè M. L. D.; Klutse, Nana A. B.; Dieng, D.; Laux, P.; Arnault, J
    The study investigates how the rising global temperature will affect the spatial pattern of rainfall and consequently drought in West Africa. The precipitation and potential evapotranspiration variables that are obtained from the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA4) and driven by ten (10) global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario were used. The model data were obtained from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and analyzed at four specific global warming levels (GWLs) (i.e., 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, 2.5 °C, and 3.0 °C) above the pre-industrial level. This study utilized four (4) indices: the standardized precipitation index, the precipitation concentration index, the precipitation concentration degree, and the precipitation concentration period over West Africa to explore the spatiotemporal variations in the characteristics of precipitation concentrations. Additionally, studying the impact of the four GWLs on consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, and frequency of the intense rainfall events led to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of extreme precipitation.
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    Estimation of planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde profiles over West Africa during the AMMA field campaign : intercomparison of different methods
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019-11-07) Aryee, J.N.A.; Amekudzi, L.K.; Preko, K.; Atiah, W.A.; Danuor, S.K.; Gyampoh, B
    Deducing realistic planetary boundary layer heights (PBLH) is crucial for weather, climate, and air quality models, despite its equivocal nature. In this paper, a comparative assessment of seven PBLH estimation methods has been performed, with radiosonde profiles taken during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project campaign from June 2006 to July 2007 over 18 locations in West Africa.
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    Climate change impacts on cattle production : analysis of cattle herders’ climate variability/change adaptation strategies in Nigeria
    (De Gruyte, 2019-11-23) Ayanlade, Ayansina; Ojebisi, Stephen M.
    The study examines the seasonality in climate and extreme weather events, and its effect on cattle production in the Guinea Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Climate data of 34 years were used to examine the trends in rainfall pattern and climate variability while household survey was used to appraise the herders’ awareness of climate variability/change impacts and adaptation strategies. From survey results, 97.5% of the herders identified drought as the major extreme weather event affecting livestock productivities in the study region. In the herder’s perception, the droughts are more severe in recent years than 34 years ago. The results from MNL revealed that extreme weather events, such as drought, have a positive likelihood on migration, at a 10% level of significance. The events have led to migration of cattle herders from the northern part of the study area toward the southern part in recent years.
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    Adaptation ‘‘from below’’ to changes in species distribution, habitat and climate in agro-ecosystems in the Terai Plains of Nepal
    (Springer Nature, 2019-06-10) Thorn, Jessica P. R.
    Recent land-use and climatic shifts are expected to alter species distributions, the provisioning of ecosystem services, and livelihoods of biodiversity-dependent societies living in multifunctional landscapes. However, to date, few studies have integrated social and ecological evidence to understand how humans perceive change and adapt agro-ecological practices at the landscape scale. Mixed method fieldwork compared observed changes in plant species distribution across a climatic gradient to farmers’ perceptions in biodiversity and climate change in rice-cultivated farms. In contrast to the global context, farmers in the Terai Plains of Nepal are acutely aware of high levels of change observed in the last 10 years, and incrementally adapt as new invasive species emerge (93%), the incidence and severity of pest/diseases increase (66%), genetic diversity of indigenous varieties erodes (65%), forest habitats diminish (98%), irrigation water declines (60%), and wildlife ranges shift. Twenty-five changes in climate were reported by 97.5% of farmers to reduce provisioning services and food self-sufficiency, and increase exposure to waterborne pathogens, heat stress, and human or livestock mortality. The study illustrates the need for financial and institutional supports at all levels to strengthen agro-ecological practices, upscale Information Communication Technology for extension services, clarify tenure agreements, and safeguard natural ecosystems to slow biodiversity loss. Existing incentives to conserve, restore, or sustainably manage ecosystems offer lessons for other societies undergoing rapid change.
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    Chagas
    (2017) Emotion' Studio
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    Bridging the gender gap in science at women’s University in Africa (WUA)
    (2023-01-23) Muchabaiwa, Wonder; Chingarande, Sunungurai Dominica; Muyambo, Tenson
    The presentation contains information on the background, objectives, methods, and recommendations of the Bridging the Gender Gap in Science at Women’s University in Africa (WUA) project.
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    External evaluation of TTI phase two : second interim report - November 2017
    (2017-11-17) Christoplos, Ian; Pain, Adam; Kluyskens, Jups; Sagasti, Francisco; Hedqvis, Anna Liljelund; NIRAS Indevelop
    This Second Interim Report of the Evaluation of Phase Two of the Think Tank Initiative (TTI) presents interim findings and suggested midway lessons of this Phase of the Program. It is part of the Evaluation’s mandate “to provide independent, timely and actionable feedback to allow for the adaptive management of TTI, as well as providing rigorously documented and validated learning about the program.” At this halfway point, the Report primarily follows up on the Evaluation’s Phase Two baselines, established in 2016, which have been used as the basis for data collection here and against which further progress will be assessed up to 2019 in the Final Evaluation Report.
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    GrOW program final review
    (2018-09-03) Lee, Nanci; Sisters Ink Ltd
    This GrOW final review serves mainly for IDRC internal learning as well as selective external audiences including funders UKAid and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The review assessed program performance, progress made since the Mid-term evaluation (project and program level) in achieving the program’s three outcomes. The review also assessed if recommendations from the mid-term review were applied and offered expert advice to inform future programming.
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    Destination innovation : 13 façons étonnantes dont la recherche améliore les conditions de vie dans le monde en développement
    (2018) Centre de recherches pour le développement international; Canadian Geographic
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    Innovation nation : 13 incredible ways research is improving lives in the developing world
    (2018) International Development Research Centre; Canadian Geographic
    The stories featured in this annual digest demonstrate how researchers from Canada and the Global South are driving innovation. They reinforce the value of locally adapted innovation and the difference it can make in peoples’ lives when we find new solutions to long-standing challenges.
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    12 projets avant-gardistes qui révolutionnent le monde en développement
    (2017) Centre de recherches pour le développement international; Canadian Geographic
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    12 ground-breaking projects revolutionizing the developing world
    (2017) International Development Research Centre; Canadian Geographic
    How do ideas evolve to become ground-breaking solutions? The following pages illustrate how the research supported by Canada’s International Development Research Centre turns ideas into action, and contributes to improving lives in the global south.
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    Pays en développement en pleine mutation : 11 projets novateurs qui contribuent au changement
    (2016) Centre de recherches pour le développement international; Canadian Geographic
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    Transforming the developing world : 11 innovative projects making a difference
    (2016) International Development Research Centre; Canadian Geographic
    The stories you are about to read shine a light on inspiring people who are creating global change through their innovation, courage, and actions. These are the stories of how researchers, scientists, policymakers, academics, professionals, civil society and private-sector actors are contributing to long-term development in low-and middle-income countries. They are doing this by tackling climate change, empowering women, supporting farmers, promoting science, improving health and more.
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    Namibia gender VRA training
    (2019-11) Ministry of Gender and Child Welfare, Namibia
    The video presents the training for the four steps of the vulnerability risk assessment (VRA) process.
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    Building partnerships for scaling access to justice for survivors of sexual violence in Pakistan
    (2019-08-27) Rural Support Programmes Network; Khan, Shandana Humayun; Dar, Sadaf; Zaman, Sarah
    This is the closing report for the project “Building Partnerships for Scaling Access to Justice for Survivors of Sexual Violence in Pakistan”. The project aimed to provide systematic evidence on how police protocols, legal mechanisms and medical practices need to be revamped to ensure the dignity and just outcomes for survivors of sexual violence (SV), and feed into more effective practices and policies.