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Item Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Adjustments to Information Technology (IT) in Trade Facilitation: The South Korean Experience(2009-04) Yang, JunsokThis report examines how IT was incorporated into cargo clearance procedures in Korea, and what its implications are for traders, SMEs in particular. After a short introduction in Section I, Section II examines the definition of SMEs in Korea, and SMEs’ role in Korean trade. In Section III, we describe the history of the adoption of IT in Korean cargo clearance. The introduction of IT to cargo clearance procedures in Korea can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage includes the implementation of: Preparation for Customs Clearance Automation (1980s-1992), EDI Customs Clearance Automation Six Year Plan (1992-1997), Establishment of Paperless Customs Clearance System (1997-2001); and the Plan for Establishment of Infrastructure for Information Technology and Knowledge Management (2001-2003). The main accomplishment of the first stage was a Value Added Network / Electronic Data Interchange (VAN/EDI) which linked KCS and traders in 1996. The system was subsequently expanded so that traders could access the system through the Internet.. The second stage begun in 2003, and has nearly reached completion in 2008. The goal of the second stage is to build an e-trade system where IT is used at every stage of trade, encompassing not only government-business (traders) transactions such as cargo clearance, but all trade-related transactions including business-business transactions as well. This second stage involves the establishment of an e-trade network and “uTradeHub,” which ties not only government with traders, but other trade-related organizations and private agencies such as shippers, insurers, banks and financial institutions. These projects were carried out with considerations for SMEs in mind. Section IV describes the results of the adoption of IT into cargo clearance. We find that IT has significantly lowered costs and sped up the cargo clearance process. Section V includes some case examples of individual firms which use the e-trade network for cargo clearance. Lastly, section VI tries to draw some lessons for other countries which seek to adopt IT into cargo clearance. These lessons include: 1) Adopting IT to cargo clearance must be a part of a comprehensive customs procedure reform. 2) Legal framework must accompany the adoption of IT and e-trade 3) Single network and single standard may be more useful than variety 4) Keep It Simple 5) The e-trade system and paperless trade system is meant to be used by the widest number of people. 6) Trust must be built between SMEs and government agencies. 7) Usefulness of e-trade will increase exponentially when more countries join.Item Conference on Global Financial and Economic Crisis : Fiscal Policy Issues After the Crisis(2010) ADBI; MoF PRI; Hitotsubashi University. Center for Intergenerational Studies; International Development Research CentreThe workshop included financial analysts from all over the globe, meeting to discuss fallout from the banking crisis in the United States and its impact on emerging economies, as well as aging ones such as in Japan and mainland China. The ten-year period between 2010-2020 is used as a projection/predictive model for the world economic outlook and a basis for discussion of fiscal policy going forward. The Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) is a Tokyo-based think tank that helps build capacity, skills, and knowledge on poverty reduction and other areas that support long-term growth.Item Foreign direct investment and spillovers in Malaysia : final draft(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2009) Tham Siew Yean; Liew Chei Siang; Marziah MokhtarItem Study of FDI in Vietnam(2009) Tuan Bui; Huong Lan Pham; Ha Thi TranItem Linkage impact of foreign direct investment on labor productivity in Korea(Department of Economics, Korea University, 2009) Lee, Hongshik; Kang, SungjinItem Inward and outward FDI of Japan(Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 2009) Todo, YasuyukiItem Development of foreign direct investment and its impact on firm's productivity, employment and exports in Indonesia(Economic Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, 2009) Negara, Siwage Dharma; Firdausy, Carunia Mulya; Adam, LatifItem Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; Philippines case study(CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Llanto, Gilberto M.; Piedad Geron, Maria; Almario, JoselitoThis document presents the findings from the Philippines component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets, and considers the influence that policy, regulation and supervision have on their development. Microinsurance in the Philippines is fundamentally group-based and largely microfinance-driven and illustrates how MFI-based microinsurance can evolve beyond the provision of credit life insurance to also provide life, accident and capital health insurance to members. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to policy, informed by and tailored to domestic conditions, and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.Item Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; India case study(CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Sinha, Sanjay; Sagar, SwetanThis document presents the findings from the Indian component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision on the development of these markets. From this evidence base, crosscountry lessons were extracted that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasized that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identifies some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach informed by and tailored to domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.Item Technical report : the 34th Annual Conference of the Federation of the ASEAN Economic Associations (FAEA) on “The Impact of the Global Economic Downturn on the ASEAN Countries and How to Mitigate the Impact on Poor People” on 15-16 December 2009, Phnom Penh(Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI), Phnom Penh, KH, 2010) Sophal, ChanThe Federation of ASEAN Economic Associations (FAEA) was founded in 1975. The objective of this Federation is to promote the study of economic science and economic research in ASEAN countries. It comprises of economic societies and associations from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Each year the FAEA organize an annual conference brining together all the member associations to discuss pressing economic issues facing countries in the region. The 34th FAEA annual conference was organized under the title, “The Impact of the Global Economic Downturn on the ASEAN countries and How to Mitigate the Impact on Poor People”. It was successfully co-hosted by CDRI and CEA. This high profile event brought together key members from the respective countries of FAEA to present and discuss the impact of the global economic downturn on the respective economies and how to mitigate the impact on poor people. A number of policymakers from Cambodia and the region benefited not only from the conference exchanges but also from the comparative synthesis/summary and proceedings published after the conference. FAEA continued to be strong as a regional network. The Co-host, CEA, became a stronger body in networking economists and professionals in Cambodia to influence policy making in the country.Item Final technical report / Strengthening the Capacity of the Economic Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam (reporting period: February 2010 – August 2011)(Centre for Analysis and Forecasting, 2011) Centre for Analysis and ForecastingThe project aims to improve both research capacity for the staff of the Economic Department of the Office of the National Assembly, and build the skills needed to use research information and evidence for members of the Assembly, strengthening the provision and utilization of high quality information and credible research-based evidence. Training activities and workshops connecting research to policy making processes are reviewed.Item Unrelenting pressure of protectionism : the 3rd GTA report; a focus on the Asia-Pacific region(Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, GB, 2009) Evenett, Simon J.Global Trade Alert (GTA) provides information on state measures that have been taken during the global economic downturn that affect foreign commerce. It identifies the trading partners likely to be harmed by these measures. Particular attention is given to developments in the Asia Pacific region. The overwhelming picture is one of planned and implemented initiatives that reduce foreign commercial opportunities and reverse the trend towards open borders.Item Public policy review, April 2010, v. 6, no. 4(Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance.Japan, 2010) Horton, Mark; Anderson, Barry; Sugimoto, Kazuyuki; Kang, Jia; Ki Seok HongThis publication by the Ministry Of Finance (Japan) features papers about fiscal policy issues arising in Japan, China and Korea after the global recession. Policy implications for advanced market economies are different from emerging market economies. In Asian G-20 countries, the deterioration in the structural fiscal position during 2007-10 comes mostly from stimulus packages in emerging economies, while structural spending pressures are important in advanced economies. The research examines aspects of fiscal policy issues including the time pattern of policy responses, effectiveness of expansionary measures, and long-term implications for fiscal debt.Item VERN policy brief : capitalising on the changing role of non-farm household enterprises in Vietna(2009)This brief provides an overview of the benefits of the non-farm household enterprises (NFHE) sector in the context of a changing role for NFHEs within the economy, and to highlight relevant policy implications. Although the NFHE sector appears to be a low-productivity sector and to serve as a safety net for the poor, findings suggest that NFHEs are increasingly becoming a more ‘professional’ and specialized activity. Among other suggestions, it is recommended that policy initiatives support the development of business linkages and networking to help small enterprises improve performance and their capacity to take advantage of the benefits of integration.Item VERN policy brief : capitalising on innovation for exports by the SME sector(2009)The major problem facing Vietnam is that its private sector, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in particular, are not yet sufficiently competitive in the process of international economic integration. Vietnam's development strategy aims towards effective economic growth, and its success depends to a large extent on the development of the private sector which consists mainly of SMEs. This brief recommends building an integrated national innovation system with strong links between enterprises themselves and research institutes, as well as a research and technology infrastructure where activities can be adapted to local needs and capabilities.Item VERN policy brief no. 2 : stimulating demand using fiscal policy (fiscal stimulus package) - the necessity, principles, and practice in the world and Vietnam(Centre for Analysis and Forecasting (CAF), Hanoi, VN, 2011) Centre for Analysis and Forecasting (CAF)A demand stimulus package is needed now that timely delivery of the first stimulus package has occurred. This policy brief was created in response to the global financial recession and its impact on the economy of Vietnam. Its most important objective is to maintain employment, reversing the vicious circle of economic decline. To obtain this objective, with the lowest possible budgetary deficit, the design and implementation of the stimulus package is laid out to comply with some policy details, principles and recommendations. Other complementary policies are required to be implemented, which take into account specific conditions in Vietnam.Item VERN policy brief no. 1(Centre for Analysis and Forecasting (CAF), Hanoi, VN, 2011) Centre for Analysis and Forecasting (CAF)This brief is formulated in response to the global economic crisis induced by bank failures in the United States where the stock market lost 33% of its value (2007), and recommends a stimulus package for Vietnam, the prime concern being jobs and current account deficits, not inflation. It provides an overview of the international situation as well as domestic economic issues. Major policy instruments and options are discussed in detail with regard to fiscal policy recommendations.Item Many faces of poverty : volume 1(Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies, De La Salle University, Manila, PH, 2009) Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies. PEP-CBMS NetworkItem Developing and piloting a gender-responsive community-based planning and budgeting tool for local governance(DLSU Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies, Manila, PH, 2009) Reyes, Celia M.; Fajardo, Juan Paulo M.; Baris, Marsmath A., JrThe community-based monitoring system (CBMS) initiative in the Philippines attempted to show how CBMS can facilitate gender responsive budgeting (GRB) at the local level. The CBMS tool fills in gaps in the data on different dimensions of poverty provided by national surveys and censuses, and in particular, gaps related to disaggregation and frequency. The enhanced CBMS derived from this project will be used to formulate plans and budgets and to analyze the impact of expenditures in the Philippines. The online resource www.gender-budgets.org offers highlights of key gender budgeting initiatives in several countries and identifies notable analyses and resources on GRB.Item Promoting south-south trade : recent developments and options(United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), 2009) Ratna, Rajan SudeshThis brief underlines the importance of South-South trade, and provides some recommendations on issues that need to be addressed in terms of deepening trade liberalization among the countries of the South. For instance, developing countries could offer deeper concessions on more products and could promote South-South trade in the global context. Expanding and inter-linking the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN Plus free trade agreements could achieve a common framework to promote trade and investment flows in the region. The promotion of South-South trade may be instrumental in the sustainable industrialization of the economies of the South.