Sub-Saharan Africa / Afrique subsaharienne

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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; Uganda case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Smith, Anja; Hendrie, Simon; Bester, Hennie; Rukondo, Marx
    Financial inclusion is achieved when individual and low-income consumers can access and sustainably use financial services appropriate to their needs. The aim of this cross-country study is towards greater financial inclusion for insurance products; therefore an understanding of market determinants forms the basis for the analysis. The Ugandan population faces significant health risks, including malaria, HIV and diseases driven by poverty or poor living conditions. This document presents findings from the Uganda component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; South Africa case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Bester, Hennie; Chamberlain, Doubell; Hendrie, Simon; Hobden, Tim; Hougaard, Christine; Smith, Anja
    This document presents the findings from the South African component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision on the development of these markets. From this evidence base, cross-country lessons were extracted that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasized that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identifies some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach informed by and tailored to domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    Evaluation of IDRC Projects: Building Peace and Security Research Capacity in Eastern Africa and UPEACE - IDRC PhD Fellowships/UPEACE-IDRC Doctoral Research Awards (I and II) : final report
    (Center for Sustainable Governance, Lagos, NG, 2011-03) Onyejekwe, Okey
    The evaluation of the IDRC funded Peace, Conflict and Development Program (PCD) projects “Building Peace and Security Research Capacity in Eastern Africa”, and the Fellowships and Awards (F&A) Project “UPEACE – IDRC PhD Fellowships / UPEACE-IDRC Doctoral Research Awards” (I and II)” implemented by the University for Peace is aimed at assessing the design and impact of the projects to inform future programming.
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    Role of policy, regulation and supervision in making insurance markets work for the poor : the case of Uganda
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2008) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Role of policy, regulation and supervision in making insurance markets work for the poor : the case of South Africa
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2008) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Managing the impact of the Asian Drivers on Sub Saharan Africa
    (African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Oyejide, Ademola; Morris, Michael; Mwega, Francis; Kaplinsky, Raphael; Bo, Lu
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    Efficacité du financement des micro et petites entreprises dans la lutte contre la pauvreté au Cameroun
    (Université de Yaoundé II, Yaoundé, CM, 2009) Kobou, Georges; Ngoa Tabi, Henri; Moungou, Sabine
    Les institutions de micofinance (IMF) sont spécialisées dans le financement des activités économiques de petites et très petites envergures. Elles ont un rôle social consistant à cibler un grand nombre d’exclus du système financier classique en leur proposant des services financiers adaptés. Elles doivent aussi obtenir des résultats économiques et financiers viables. Elles bénéficient généralement de la présomption de contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté. L’objectif de ce travail est d’apprécier l’efficacité des systèmes de financement des micros et petites entreprises dans la stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté au Cameroun. Les performances des IMF ont le plus souvent été mesurées à travers le calcul des ratios financiers. Ce travail va au-delà en utilisant la Méthode DEA « Data Envelopment Analysis » et un Tobit censuré pour générer et identifier les facteurs d’efficacité des IMF. Dans les résultats, le niveau moyen d’efficacité des IMF est estimé à 0.401 lorsque les rendements d’échelle sont constants et à 0.575 lorsque les rendements d’échelle sont variables. Par ailleurs, le pourcentage des femmes, le taux d’intérêt créditeur et les facteurs socio culturels (culture anglophone/francophone) sont les déterminants majeurs de l’efficacité d’une IMF.
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    Scoping studies on China - Africa economic relations : the case of Tanzania
    (Economic Research Bureau, Dar es Salaam, TZ, 2008) Moshi, H.P.B.; Mtui, John M.
    Tanzania has numerous trade agreements with China, and is China's largest aid recipient country in Africa. Loans or aid from China are not subjected to political conditions, as is often the case with Western countries. Most of the imports from Tanzania to China are primary commodities, while exports from China are manufactured goods. Investments from China are largely motivated to secure sources of energy and raw materials as well as to exploit preferential markets that are accessible to African countries. Future studies are needed, focusing on impact indicators like technology transfer, employment creation, and competitive-threats to local producers.
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    Scoping study on China's relations with South Africa
    (Centre for Chinese Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, ZA, 2008) Burke, Christopher; Naidu, Sanusha; Nepgen, Arno
    This paper assesses the direct and indirect consequences of the economic relationship between South Africa and China where South Africa is China's second largest trading partner after Angola. The trade volume accounts for 20 percent of total trade between China and Africa. As South Africa aims to improve the value-added levels of its exports, China poses a major challenge, both because of competition in these areas, and because China’s growth itself raises the relative prices of raw materials on international markets. Beijing’s willingness to implement quotas on its exports to South Africa under-scores the importance it attaches to it.
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    Scoping study on China’s economic relations with Sub-Saharan Africa
    (2008) Odada, J.E.; Kakujaha-Matundu, Omu
    The external trade data published in the Government of the Republic of Namibia’s National Accounts do not indicate destinations of Namibia’s exports or countries of origin of its imports; but it is most likely that the diamond exports from South Africa to China include diamonds from Namibia. Namibia has been exporting copper and copper alloys to China with a market share of 20.41%. Chinese companies are often accused of not adhering to the country’s labour laws, which leads to exploitation of workers. It has been observed that recourse to China’s court system is often not effective. More detailed studies are needed.
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    David v. Goliath : Mauritius facing up to China; a draft scoping study
    (University of Mauritius, Reduit, MU, 2008) Ancharaz, Vinaye Dey
    Mauritius is an outlier among Sub-Saharan Africa. As a small island economy, with no natural resources, Mauritius economic survival rests crucially on an openness strategy pushed to its limits. This study focuses on trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and aid. Since Mauritius can no longer rely on preferential market access to sell its products, especially textiles, local firms need to be more competitive to survive and in this spirit, the government abolished the differential incentive scheme for non-EPZ firms by abrogating the Industrial Expansion Act. These measures enabled the clothing industry to restructure to meet the challenges posed by globalization generally, and by China, in particular.
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    Economic relations of China and Sub-Saharan Africa : the case of Mali
    (Faculty of Economics and Management (FSEG), University of Bamako, Bamako, ML, 2008) Sanogo, Abdrahamane
    The study considers the appropriateness of interventions by China in sub-Saharan Africa, and specifically in Mali. The largest Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) to Mali are from France, Germany and China, in particular the manufacturing sector and food industries. Many projects being implemented by China in public infrastructure are not taken into account in FDI statistics. China seeks in Mali as in most African countries where it trades, to reabsorb its own unemployed labour, in some Chinese provinces reaching 20%. Because China is not a member of the Development Assistance Committee of OECD, it does not publish the amount or conditions of its aid.
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    AERC scoping studies on China - Africa economic relations : the Gambia
    (University of the Gambia, Kanifing, GM, 2007) Sillah, Bukhari M.S.; Jammeh, Mohammed E.
    The report provides details of trade and diplomatic ties to China and Taiwan. Most manufactured goods of electrical and electronic goods in The Gambia come from China, while importation of crude and unfinished goods are driven by Chinese related companies that are operating in The Gambia. As at 2006, The Gambia receives no aid from Mainland China because there are currently no diplomatic relations between the two countries. The Gambia and Taiwan resumed diplomatic relations in July 1995, after a break of over 20 years. The Taiwanese International Cooperation for Development Fund (ICDF) cooperates with the country to establish e-government programs.
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    Scoping study on China - Africa economic relations : the case of Kenya; final report
    (Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KE, 2008) Onjala, Joseph
    This study analyzes the extent of China’s Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and aid in Kenya. China’s rapid expansion of aid to Kenya, and the lack of aid conditionalities may lead to overshadowing of aid from traditional Western donors where the ‘no political strings’ attached policy has raised much debate. In general, Chinese aid is closely bundled with infrastructural projects, often linked to the extraction and export of minerals and oil to China. These factors indicate that aid might hurt Kenya in the long-run. As well, Chinese interest extended to mining and minerals exploration includes very limited joint ownership or local capital.
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    Economic relations between China and Africa : the case of Côte d'Ivoire
    (AERC, Nairobi, KE, 2008) Seka, Pierre Rock; Kouakou, Kouadio Clement
    Sino-African trade reached 40 billion dollars in 2005, to reach 100 billion dollars in 2010. This study measures China’s support to Côte d’Ivoire (aid, donations, grants, loans) and the impact of this aid on the economy. China has become the principal partner of several African countries: it provides them with cheap manufactured goods and reduces their dependence on traditional trade partners. One recommendation in relation to the conditions of investment and completion of the large works executed by China should be in terms of employment of local labour and introduction of minimal traceability standards.
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    Economic relations of China with the Republic of Congo
    (Centre for Studies and Research on Economic Analyses and Policies (CERAPE), Brazzaville, CG, 2008) Boungou Bazika, Jean-Christophe
    The study assesses the share of China in the Congolese economy; measures the share of imports from China, and exports to China in Congo’s foreign trade; and examines how China’s public development aid in Congo is distributed. China’s investments in Congo essentially take two forms, government loans and aid. Public works are executed by Chinese companies whose tendency is to import from China the raw materials and inputs necessary for the execution of the projects, plus most of the labour; skilled workers are mainly Chinese and the local workforce is made up of unskilled and often poorly remunerated workers.
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    Collaborative research of African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) on relations between China and Sub-Saharan Africa : case of Chad
    (AERC, Nairobi, KE, 2008) Tabo, Symphorien Ndang; Beassoum, Christian Nadjiarabeye; Mamadou Asngar, Thierry
    The study provides information on the size, structure and significance of Sino-Chadian relations on trade, investment and development aid, identifying principal beneficiaries and losers of these economic relations within Chad, and on the Chinese side investors, producers and exporters. Crude oil aimed at by China, cannot continue to be exploited efficiently without the minimal observation of the prevention of the destruction of the environment. The arrival of China among the great powers, which are already present on the ground, namely, the United States and France, can awake rivalries between them; cohabitation with the other powers must be acceptable to China.
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    China - Africa economic relations : the case of Cameroon
    (Dept. of Economics and Management, University of Yaounde II, Yaoundé, Cm, 2008) Khan, Sunday Aninpah; Baye, Francis Menjo
    Cameroon and China have signed several agreements in the domain of economic and technical cooperation. China has long provided aid to Cameroon, with such assistance on the rise, and unlike other donors this aid is unconditional with regard to state internal affairs. However, the huge influx of cheap Chinese manufactured goods poses a serious threat to fragile export manufacturers in Cameroon and even more so, to small- and medium-sized enterprises who are still producing for local markets only. There is also need for more transparency in Cameroon-China aid relationships, not only to facilitate harmonization with other donor programmes, but to allow for public scrutiny.
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    AERC scoping exercise on China - Africa relations : the case of Angola
    (Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, ZA, 2008) Corkin, Lucy
    While extractive industries, diamonds and oil, account for 99 percent of Angolan exports and 57 percent of GDP, they employ only 1 percent of the workforce. Chinese investment in Angola is located in the telecommunications infrastructure and extractive industry sectors, particularly oil. Sociedade Nacional de Combustiveis de Angola (Sonangol) is the state-owned oil company, where signature bonuses have soared since Chinese investment (Sinopec). China’s growing demand for oil contributes to an increase in global oil prices, further benefiting Angolan terms of trade. This narrow concentration on oil has indirect competitive impact on Angola’s non-oil informal economy, on which the majority of Angolan people rely for survival.
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    China - Africa economic relations : in-depth country case studies
    (AERC, Nairobi, KE, 2009)
    The expansion of the giant economy of China has been associated with increasing intensification in economic relations with Sub-Saharan African countries. The project undertakes a comprehensive analysis of key features and patterns of the past, current and future evolution of economic relations between China and specific Sub-Saharan countries, with identification and analysis of the sector-specific opportunities and challenges they face. Twenty country teams attended this inception workshop for the country case studies. The research will focus on trade, investment, and aid flows, as key channels through which the impacts of China may be transmitted to an African economy.