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Item Programas de transferencias condicionadas: ¿hacia la inclusión financiera de los pobres en América Latina?(CIID, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2011) Maldonado, Jorge Higinio; del Pilar Moreno S., Rocío; Giraldo Pérez, Isabel; Barrera Orjuela, Camila AndreaItem Research, policy engagement and practice : reflections on efforts to mainstream children into Ethiopia's second national poverty reduction strategy(Young lives, London, GB, 2005) Jones, Nicola; Tefera, Bekele; Woldehanna, TassewWorking Paper 21 examines efforts to bridge multi-disciplinary research, policy engagement and practice in order to help improve children’s life quality in diverse developing country contexts. This paper highlights the importance of mapping the policy context and of re-conceptualising policy making as a non-linear dynamic process, involving multiple actors with varying perspectives. Attempts by Young Lives Ethiopia to mainstream child-sensitive policies into the second Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy process are examined in detail, and are assessed against five criteria identified in the relevant literature...Item Mainstreaming children into national poverty strategies : a child-focused analysis of the Ethiopian sustainable development and poverty reduction program (2002-05)(Young lives, London, GB, 2005) Gutema, Berhanu; Jones, Nicola; Tefera, Bekele; Woldehanna, TassewThe purpose of this paper is to assess how the needs of children are incorporated into Ethiopia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)—known as the Ethiopian Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Programme 2002-2005 (SDRDP) —and to develop policy recommendations for the second PRSP based on a comparative content analysis with other countries’ PRSPs. The paper begins by identifying the key ingredients of a child-centred PRSP, including: consideration of childhood poverty in the document’s poverty analysis; spaces for consultation with children; child-specific policies and programmes as well as child-sensitive macro-development policies; institutionalized mechanisms to coordinate these policy approaches and the inclusion of child-related progress indicators. The second section uses a content analysis methodology to consider the extent to which the Ethiopian PRSP is pro-poor and pro-child and contrasts this to more child-sensitive approaches in other PRSPs. The paper then analyses the SDPRP’s policies, programmes and indicators using a rights-based framework. It assesses the extent to which both the direct (child-specific policy commitments) and indirect (macro-development) policies are in keeping with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) principles of child survival, development, protection, equal treatment and participation. The paper concludes by drawing on the best practices of PRSPs in other countries and outlining how a child-focused PRSP could more effectively address the multi-dimensionality of childhood poverty in Ethiopia.Item Tackling child malnutrition in Ethiopia : do the sustainable development poverty reduction programme's underlying policy assumptions reflect local realities?(Young lives, London, GB, 2005) Mekonnen, Alemu; Jones, Nicola; Tefera, BekeleThis paper emphasises that malnutrition cannot be tackled without understanding its causes. Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, yet the government has no specific nutrition policy. Levels of wasting (acute malnutrition) and stunting (chronic malnutrition) in children aged six to fifty-nine months are among the world’s highest. As long as so many children remain malnourished, Ethiopia will not achieve the first Millennium Development Goal – eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. Drawing on a sample of 1,999 one-year-olds from twenty sentinel sites, the Young Lives Project has sought to better understand the child, household, community and policy level determinants of malnutrition and the ways in which they differ across different regions of Ethiopia. The paper quantifies the impact of poverty, healthcare and caring practices and challenges the World Bank belief that investment in growth monitoring to promote change in caregivers’ behaviour will, by itself, significantly improve nutritional status. Coverage of health services may have expanded, but limited and costly services discourage users. Healthcare choices primarily depend not on proximity to health facilities but lack of quality services. Respondents complained about inadequate equipment, poorly trained and/or insensitive medical staff and expensive medication...Item Child labour, gender inequality and rural/urban disparities : how can Ethiopia's national development strategies be revised to address negative spill-over impacts on child education and wellbeing?(Young lives, London, GB, 2005) Woldehanna, Tassew; Jones, Nicola; Tefera, Bekele; Bayrau, AlebelThe Ethiopian Government has emphasised the intensification of agricultural activities in order to increase livelihood options and provide better safety nets for the poor (e.g. through food or cash-for-work programmes). Drawing on a sample of 1999 households with at least one child aged 6 to 17 months in 2002, and from additional household data collected from 3115 children aged 7 to 17 years from twenty sentinel sites, the Young Lives Project sought to understand the impact on child labour and child schooling of public policy interventions formulated within the PRSP, and how changes are mediated through gender and rural-urban differences. These were the key findings: children were commonly involved in fetching water, firewood and dung both for household use and sale, although they were more likely to attend school when there was adequate household labour. School attendance was significantly lower in rural than in urban sites, while dropout rates were dramatically higher in rural areas. Maternal education levels significantly decreased the likelihood of children combining work and school. Increased land and livestock ownership led to a greater demand for child labour and reduced school enrolment. The involvement of households in more diversified activities increased the demand for labour which is frequently met by children, particularly boys, with girls commonly substituting for their mothers.Item Children's educational completion rates and achievement : implications for Ethiopia's second poverty reduction strategy (2006-10)(Young lives, London, GB, 2005) Woldehanna, Tassew; Jones, Nicola; Tefera, BekeleThe major development objectives of the Ethiopian Government are to reduce poverty and improve primary school enrolment and educational achievement (SDPRP, 2002). However, education performance indicators show that only access‑related targets have been achieved, while educational quality declined in most respects. Drawing on a sample of 1,000 children aged 7.5 to 8.5 years old from twenty sentinel sites, the Young Lives project sought to understand the determinants of school completion and achievement at the household, community, regional and national levels across different regions of Ethiopia. The paper identifies the specific factors associated with primary school completion/dropout rates, and educational achievement and performance of children, and assesses the mechanisms through which these factors are influential...Item Labor supply responses to adverse shocks under credit constraints : evidence from Bukidnon, Philippines(PEP Research Network, 2006) Hazel Jean Malapit; Jade Eric Redoblado; Deanna Margarett Cabungcal-Dolor; Jasmin SuministradoItem State Partners Workshop : intensive village study round I and II, 12th to 16th November, 2006; report(Council for Social Development (CSD), New Delhi, IN, 2006) Council for Social Development (CSD)Item Efficacité du financement des micro et petites entreprises dans la lutte contre la pauvreté au Cameroun(Université de Yaoundé II, Yaoundé, CM, 2009) Kobou, Georges; Ngoa Tabi, Henri; Moungou, SabineLes institutions de micofinance (IMF) sont spécialisées dans le financement des activités économiques de petites et très petites envergures. Elles ont un rôle social consistant à cibler un grand nombre d’exclus du système financier classique en leur proposant des services financiers adaptés. Elles doivent aussi obtenir des résultats économiques et financiers viables. Elles bénéficient généralement de la présomption de contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté. L’objectif de ce travail est d’apprécier l’efficacité des systèmes de financement des micros et petites entreprises dans la stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté au Cameroun. Les performances des IMF ont le plus souvent été mesurées à travers le calcul des ratios financiers. Ce travail va au-delà en utilisant la Méthode DEA « Data Envelopment Analysis » et un Tobit censuré pour générer et identifier les facteurs d’efficacité des IMF. Dans les résultats, le niveau moyen d’efficacité des IMF est estimé à 0.401 lorsque les rendements d’échelle sont constants et à 0.575 lorsque les rendements d’échelle sont variables. Par ailleurs, le pourcentage des femmes, le taux d’intérêt créditeur et les facteurs socio culturels (culture anglophone/francophone) sont les déterminants majeurs de l’efficacité d’une IMF.Item Health care consumption patterns of Kottathara Panchayat : household and individual profiles(Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CA, 2007) Université de MontréalItem Health care consumption patterns of Kottathara Panchayat : episode profile(Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CA, 2006) Université de MontréalItem Local level poverty monitoring system in Bangladesh : an institutional approach(Poverty and Economic Policy Research Network, Dakar?, SN, 2003) Kumar Guha, RanjanItem Trade, gender and equity in Latin America : generating knowledge for political action; a comparative study of care economy - Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay(International Gender and Trade Network, Latin American Chapter (IGTN), Montevideo, UY, 2007) Salvador, Soledad; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre el Desarrollo, Uruguay (Ciedur)This paper introduces information about the configuration of the (paid and unpaid) care economy. It identifies persisting challenges for public policy-making (economic and social) towards gender equity. Findings show that increased participation of women in the labour market has not contributed to a redistribution of household maintenance chores, or to the care of dependent members. Research groups (from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay) participated in research regarding new patterns of international trade and trade policies in terms of equitable gender relations in both private and the public domains. Comparative studies of the findings were carried out to summarize each country report.Item World's most deprived : characteristics and causes of extreme poverty and hunger(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Ahmed, Akhter; Vargas Hill, Ruth; Smith, Lisa C.; Wiesmann, Doris M.; Frankenberger, TimItem Trade liberalization and children : understanding and coping with children's vulnerabilities(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Escobal, JavierItem Taking action for the world's poor and hungry people : synopsis of an international consultation(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Braun, Joachim von; Pandya-Lorch, RajulIFPRI initiated an international consultation in 2006 on needed actions for the world’s poorest and hungry people. An international conference, “Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People,” held in Beijing in October of 2007, drew about 400 participants. The conference examined who the poorest and hungry people are and what new and different actions are required to improve their welfare. This synopsis summarizes the ongoing consultations with the intent to come closer to consensus for taking action.Item Strengthening women's assets and status : programs improving poor women's lives(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Ambler, John; Pandolfelli, Lauren; Kramer, Anna; Meinzen-Dick, RuthItem Social security : what can developing countries learn from developed countries?(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Dethier, Jean-JacquesItem Social innovation and entrepreneurship : developing capacity to reduce poverty and hunger(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Babu, Suresh; Pinstrup-Andersen, PerItem Scaling up : a path to effective development(IFPRI, Washington, DC, US, 2007) Hartmann, Arntraud; Linn, Johannes F.