Private Sector Development / Développement du secteur privé

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    Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Adjustments to Information Technology (IT) in Trade Facilitation: The South Korean Experience
    (2009-04) Yang, Junsok
    This report examines how IT was incorporated into cargo clearance procedures in Korea, and what its implications are for traders, SMEs in particular. After a short introduction in Section I, Section II examines the definition of SMEs in Korea, and SMEs’ role in Korean trade. In Section III, we describe the history of the adoption of IT in Korean cargo clearance. The introduction of IT to cargo clearance procedures in Korea can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage includes the implementation of: Preparation for Customs Clearance Automation (1980s-1992), EDI Customs Clearance Automation Six Year Plan (1992-1997), Establishment of Paperless Customs Clearance System (1997-2001); and the Plan for Establishment of Infrastructure for Information Technology and Knowledge Management (2001-2003). The main accomplishment of the first stage was a Value Added Network / Electronic Data Interchange (VAN/EDI) which linked KCS and traders in 1996. The system was subsequently expanded so that traders could access the system through the Internet.. The second stage begun in 2003, and has nearly reached completion in 2008. The goal of the second stage is to build an e-trade system where IT is used at every stage of trade, encompassing not only government-business (traders) transactions such as cargo clearance, but all trade-related transactions including business-business transactions as well. This second stage involves the establishment of an e-trade network and “uTradeHub,” which ties not only government with traders, but other trade-related organizations and private agencies such as shippers, insurers, banks and financial institutions. These projects were carried out with considerations for SMEs in mind. Section IV describes the results of the adoption of IT into cargo clearance. We find that IT has significantly lowered costs and sped up the cargo clearance process. Section V includes some case examples of individual firms which use the e-trade network for cargo clearance. Lastly, section VI tries to draw some lessons for other countries which seek to adopt IT into cargo clearance. These lessons include: 1) Adopting IT to cargo clearance must be a part of a comprehensive customs procedure reform. 2) Legal framework must accompany the adoption of IT and e-trade 3) Single network and single standard may be more useful than variety 4) Keep It Simple 5) The e-trade system and paperless trade system is meant to be used by the widest number of people. 6) Trust must be built between SMEs and government agencies. 7) Usefulness of e-trade will increase exponentially when more countries join.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; Philippines case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Llanto, Gilberto M.; Piedad Geron, Maria; Almario, Joselito
    This document presents the findings from the Philippines component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets, and considers the influence that policy, regulation and supervision have on their development. Microinsurance in the Philippines is fundamentally group-based and largely microfinance-driven and illustrates how MFI-based microinsurance can evolve beyond the provision of credit life insurance to also provide life, accident and capital health insurance to members. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to policy, informed by and tailored to domestic conditions, and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; evidence from five country case studies
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Bester, Hennie; Chamberlain, Doubell; Hougaard, Christine
    This document presents the executive summary and guidelines based on five country case studies on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision have had on the development of these markets. This evidence was used to extract crosscountry lessons that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasised that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identify some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasise the need for a comprehensive approach that is informed by, and tailored to, domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; Uganda case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Smith, Anja; Hendrie, Simon; Bester, Hennie; Rukondo, Marx
    Financial inclusion is achieved when individual and low-income consumers can access and sustainably use financial services appropriate to their needs. The aim of this cross-country study is towards greater financial inclusion for insurance products; therefore an understanding of market determinants forms the basis for the analysis. The Ugandan population faces significant health risks, including malaria, HIV and diseases driven by poverty or poor living conditions. This document presents findings from the Uganda component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; South Africa case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Bester, Hennie; Chamberlain, Doubell; Hendrie, Simon; Hobden, Tim; Hougaard, Christine; Smith, Anja
    This document presents the findings from the South African component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision on the development of these markets. From this evidence base, cross-country lessons were extracted that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasized that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identifies some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach informed by and tailored to domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; India case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Sinha, Sanjay; Sagar, Swetan
    This document presents the findings from the Indian component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision on the development of these markets. From this evidence base, crosscountry lessons were extracted that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasized that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identifies some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach informed by and tailored to domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    Making insurance markets work for the poor : microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision; Colombia case study
    (CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009) Cáceres, Mónica; Zuluaga, Sandra
    This document presents the findings from the Colombian component of a five-country case study on the role of regulation in the development of microinsurance markets. The objectives of this project were to map the experience in a sample of five developing countries (Colombia, India, the Philippines, South Africa and Uganda) where microinsurance products have evolved and to consider the influence that policy, regulation and supervision on the development of these markets. From this evidence base, cross-country lessons were extracted that seek to offer guidance to policymakers, regulators and supervisors who are looking to support the development of microinsurance in their jurisdiction. It must be emphasized that these findings do not provide an easy recipe for developing microinsurance but only identifies some of the key issues that need to be considered. In fact, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach informed by and tailored to domestic conditions and adjusted continuously as the environment evolves.
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    VERN policy brief : capitalising on the changing role of non-farm household enterprises in Vietna
    (2009)
    This brief provides an overview of the benefits of the non-farm household enterprises (NFHE) sector in the context of a changing role for NFHEs within the economy, and to highlight relevant policy implications. Although the NFHE sector appears to be a low-productivity sector and to serve as a safety net for the poor, findings suggest that NFHEs are increasingly becoming a more ‘professional’ and specialized activity. Among other suggestions, it is recommended that policy initiatives support the development of business linkages and networking to help small enterprises improve performance and their capacity to take advantage of the benefits of integration.
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    VERN policy brief : capitalising on innovation for exports by the SME sector
    (2009)
    The major problem facing Vietnam is that its private sector, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in particular, are not yet sufficiently competitive in the process of international economic integration. Vietnam's development strategy aims towards effective economic growth, and its success depends to a large extent on the development of the private sector which consists mainly of SMEs. This brief recommends building an integrated national innovation system with strong links between enterprises themselves and research institutes, as well as a research and technology infrastructure where activities can be adapted to local needs and capabilities.
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    Seguro informal : perspective de um regulador
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Formando um mercado para microsseguro : o sucesso e o fracasso de diferentes canais de provimento
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Arriscar ou segurar? : entender a decisão sobre comprar microsseguro
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Papel da política, regulação e supervisão ao fazer os mercados de seguros atenderem as pessoas de baixa renda : resumo executivo e diretrizes emergentes
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2008) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    O que é microsseguro e por que ele é importante? : a base lógica para o microsseguro a partir da perspectiva de um regulador
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Créer un marché de la micro-assurance : la réussite et l'échec de différents canaux d'offre
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Assurance informelle : le point de vue du régulateur
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Garantir un avantage réciproque : le rôle et la réglementation des assureurs détenus par des membres
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine
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    Prendre le risque ou s’assurer ? : comprendre la décision d’achat de micro-assurance
    (Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (CENFRI), Cape Town, ZA, 2009) Chamberlain, Doubell; Bester, Hennie; Hougaard, Christine