Multi-stakeholder Participation / Participation de multiples intervenants

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    Social communication network analysis of the role of participatory research in the adoption of new fish consumption behaviors
    (Elsevier, 2012) Frédéric Mertens; Johanne Saint-Charles; Donna Mergler
    The formulation and communication of fish advisories are highly complex because of the potential conflict between the nutritional and toxicological issues associated with fish consumption. Government and organization-sponsored fish advisories have had limited success in changing behaviors. Participatory approaches may enhance the understanding of complex issues and the adoption of new behaviors. Here we used social network analysis to investigate the adoption of dietary changes within the context of a community participatory research project. In the Brazilian Amazon, many communities are highly exposed to methylmercury from fish consumption. A participatory intervention based on dietary changes aimed at reducing methylmercury exposure while maintaining fish consumptionwas initiated in 1995. In 2001, we collected data on individual participation in the research, on the discussion network regarding mercury issues and on changes in fish consumption from 96 of the 110 village households. More than half of men and women had adopted new fish consumption behavior to reduce mercury exposure. Adoption was associated with participation in the research project for both women and men, and with a higher number of discussion partners about mercury issues for women. Adoption was likewise associated with the presence of a female communication partner in the personal networks of both men and women. At the household level, men and womenwho considered their spouse as a discussion partner were more likely to adopt than those who did not. Opinion le]adership was associated with change in fish consumption only for women. We discuss the contribution of community participation and communication networks to overcome the difficulties in generating complex messages that take into account both health benefits and risks of fish consumption.We also discuss the relevance of building preventive health programs based on participatory research approaches and the roles and relations specific to men and women.
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    Executive summary : community of practice in ecohealth - dissemination and institutionalization for research, outreach and policy influence in Latin America and the Caribbean (COPEH-LAC) phase II, August 2009 - January 2013
    (COPEH-LAC, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, CR, 2013-02) Quesada, Rosario; Wendel de Joode, Berna van; Arroyo, Ruth; Betancourt, Óscar; Hernández, David
    CoPEHs-LAC has established partnerships that have allowed dissemination, learning and practice of Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health at both regional and nodal levels. The partnerships allow for development and strengthening of links with ministries, and the inclusion of Ecohealth into projects performed by professionals of governmental organizations and civil society. This report focuses on outcomes and outputs in research, training, policy and practice within various country members in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Canada.
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    Final technical report for the CINBIOSE node of the community of practice in ecosystem approaches to human health : Latin America and the Caribbean; community of practice in ecohealth - dissemination and institutionalization for research, outreach and policy influence in Latin America and the Caribbean, June 2009 - February 2013
    (Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l’environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, CA, 2013) Mergler, Donna; Saint-Charles, Johanne; Webb, Jena
    The report covers the role of the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l’environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal. CINBIOSE worked to support workshops and training in Ecohealth approaches organized in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC); collaborate on research projects based on ecosystem approaches to health; broker LAC and Canadian colleagues; and align efforts with other the Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health (COPEH) centres, to advance ecosystem approaches to health in Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) strategic programs in environmental and occupational health.
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    Final technical report : a Canadian community of practice in ecosystem approaches to health with a training and awards program for ecohealth research in international and development settings, January 2008 – June 2012
    (CoPEH-Canada, 2012-09) Webb, Jena; Saint‐Charles, Johanne; Parkes, Margot; Morrison, Karen; Lemire, Melanie; Woollard, Robert
    Researchers and institutions across Canada have identified a need for consolidation and commitment to ensure long‐term development and capacity in the field of Ecohealth. As such, a main activity of the Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health (CoPEH‐Can) is to collectively design and deliver a short-course that will promote and support research, education, policy and practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health to provide training to qualified graduate awardees under the proposed Canadian Ecohealth Graduate Training Awards Program. Consortium partners aim to establish this short‐course as an accredited graduate course, potentially complemented by a distance‐learning component.
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    Final technical report for “Ecohealth Toolkit - Pilot for Teaching Manual”, August 2010 – April 2012
    (Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 2012-04) McCullagh, Suzanne; Morrison, Karen
    The Canadian Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health (CoPEH-Canada) team has experience teaching Ecohealth which they drew from and developed in the design of the Ecohealth Short Course (2008 – 2011). The teaching manual captures some of the key elements of those courses in a series of modules to assist Ecohealth educators in the delivery of Ecohealth courses, workshops, or seminars. They are easily modifiable and adaptable to different contexts as they are designed in a scalable, modular structure (Appendix 5). This report includes activities and methodology in developing the Ecohealth courses. Information is in English, French and Spanish.
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    Ecohealth interventions limit triatomine reinfestation following insecticide spraying in La Brea, Guatemala
    (American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013-02) Lucero, David E.; Morrissey, Leslie A.; Rizzo, Donna M.; Rodas, Antonieta; Garnica, Roberto
    In this study, we evaluate the effect of participatory Ecohealth interventions on domestic reinfestation of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiata after village-wide suppression of the vector population using a residual insecticide. The study was conducted in the rural community of La Brea, Guatemala between 2002 and 2009 where vector infestation was analyzed within a spatial data framework based on entomological and socio-economic surveys of homesteads within the village. Participatory interventions focused on community awareness and low-cost home improvements using local materials to limit areas of refuge and alternative blood meals for the vector within the home, and potential shelter for the vector outside the home. As a result, domestic infestation was maintained at ≤ 3% and peridomestic infestation at ≤ 2% for 5 years beyond the last insecticide spraying, in sharp contrast to the rapid reinfestation experienced in earlier insecticide only interventions.
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    Années lumières - 6 janvier 2013
    (Radio-Canada, Montréal, QC, CA, 2013) Laamrani, Hammou; De Plaen, Renaud; Butaré, Innocent
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    Diffusion d'informations en santé environnementale : le rôle des chemins différenciés selon le sexe et le genre
    (2012) Saint-Charles, Johanne; Rioux-Pelletier, Marie Eve; Mongeau, Pierre; Mertens, Frédéric
    Ce chapitre présente des aspects de la prise en compte du sexe et du genre qui nous apparaissent déterminants pour la recherche et l’intervention en santé environnementale. Nos réflexions sont issues de nos recherches sur la diffusion de nouvelles connaissances et pratiques en Amérique latine dans le cadre de problématiques de santé relatives à des contaminants environnementaux. Ces recherches s’inscrivent dans une approche écosystémique de la santé. Considérée comme un jalon de la santé publique au Canada (Webb et al., 2010), cette approche a émergé dans les dernières années en réponse à la complexité de nombreux problèmes alliant santé et environnement. L’équité de genre en est l’un des piliers; ce qui appelle à la prise en compte du sexe et du genre dans la recherche et dans l’intervention. Nous employons l’expression sexe/genre pour faire référence aux différences hommes-femmes tant au niveau biologique que social, considérant la difficulté de distinguer l’un et l’autre (Messing, 2007). Dans nos recherches, nous avons tenté de mieux comprendre le rôle du sexe/genre dans la diffusion d’informations et l’adoption de pratiques favorables à la santé. Deux études sont particulièrement intéressantes à cet égard : l’une portait sur l’adoption de nouvelles pratiques d’alimentation diminuant l’exposition au mercure en Amazonie brésilienne (Mertens, Saint-Charles, Mergler, Passos & Lucotte, 2005) et l’autre sur l’adoption de comportements contribuant à diminuer l’exposition aux pesticides des agriculteurs et de leur famille au Costa Rica (Rioux-Pelletier, Saint-Charles, Barraza & van Wendel de Joode, 2009). Dans les deux cas, nous avons eu recours à des méthodes mixtes incluant l’analyse des réseaux sociaux et l’analyse de contenu d’entrevues ou de groupes de discussion.
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    Return to Kathmandu - A Post Hoc Application of AMESH
    (2008) Neudoerffer, R Cynthia; Waltner-Toews, David; Kay, James J
    This chapter provides background to the development of the adaptive methodology for ecosystem sustainability and health (AMESH). AMESH approaches seemed to parallel ecological, economic, demographic, and social developments in Nepal. AMESH is characterized by: (1) Documenting the presenting situation; (2) Analysis of stakeholders, issues, policy, politics and governance; (3) People and their stories; (4) Systems descriptions and narratives; and (5) Collaborative learning and action. Descriptions include details of case studies derived from various stakeholder groups. Often community development work requires sanctioning by local leaders, who can act as entry points between researchers and the community.
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    An Agroecosystem Health Case Study in the Central Highlands of Kenya
    (2008) Gitau, Thomas; Waltner-Toews, David; McDermott, John
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    One assumption, two observations and some guiding questions for the practice of agro-ecosystem health
    (2000) Waltner-Toews, D; Murray, T; Kay, J; Gitau, T; Raez-Luna, E
    The paper describes the features of agro-ecosystem health as a paradigm or framework to study and develop sustainable agricultural systems. It is posited that agro-ecosystem health research is undertaken in order to help people make better decisions with regard to managing the ecosystems in which they live and grow food. Agro-ecosystems can be viewed and interpreted from a variety of non-equivalent perspectives, and within each perspective, agro-ecosystems can be viewed and understood at different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, whose perspective is taken into account in identification of constraints and priorities, and designing solutions will determine whether research and development efforts will lead to sustainable agricultural systems.
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    Agro-ecosystem health: Principles and methods used in high-potential tropical agro-ecosystem
    (2000) Gitau, T; McDermott, J J; Waltner-Toews, D; Gathuma, J M; Kang, E K
    The paper briefly describes the application of agro-ecosystem health framework for characterisation of an agro-ecosystem in central Kenya, and identification of the indications of its health. The lessons learnt from the application are briefly discussed
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    African Highland Initiative: A framework for research and development on NRM in the highlands of East and Central Africa
    (2000) Stroud, A
    The African Highlands Initiative (AHI) is an ecoregional programme which seeks to develop and implement an integrated research and development agenda on natural resource management (NRM) at nine selected benchmark locations in five countries in the region: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Madagascar. AHI research programme, while emphasizing sustainability of the highland areas will: 1) focus on integrating solutions to NRM issues by adopting participatory and integrated systems approaches; 2) strengthen partnerships and greater collaboration of a wide range of institutions and organizations to achieve more effective and efficient research and development; 3) improve the integration of biophysical and social science research, thus marrying human and technical dimensions; and 4) link policy formulation to technology development. Phase I concentrated on characterization and diagnosis of the benchmark locations to give Phase 11 (starting in 1998) more specific direction. Research in Phase I concentrated on pest—disease complexes which are exacerbated by low soil fertility in intensively cultivated systems and on soil fertility maintenance and improvement. Phase II will build on these areas and give increased attention to integrated NRM research at the community level on one hand and to regional links on the other. The premise being a greater impact by concentrating expertise and resources as well as enhancing the transfer of technology and information across the region. National agricultural research systems (NARS), International Agricultural Research Centres (IARCs), farmers, local non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and extension agents are the major partners joining forces in this effort.
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    Perspective changes everything: managing ecosystems from the inside out
    (2003) Waltner-Toews, David; Kay, James J; Neudoerffer, Cynthia; Gitau, Thomas
    In the past, environmental managers could behave as if they were managing a "natural" system to which they were external; criteria for successful management could be derived from historical data or from current pristine systems elsewhere in the world. With a few localized exceptions, this approach is no longer viable. Most of the ecosystems for which critical and urgent decisions need to be made are best seen as complex ecosocial systems, with people firmly embedded as an integral element. We can no longer manage ecosystems per se, but rather we must learn to manage our interactions within our ecological context. This view, which incorporates notions of multiple, interacting, nested hierarchies, feedback loops across space and time, and radical uncertainty with regard to prediction of system behavior, requires rethinking. How should we now think about science and science-based management? Post-normal science, complex systems theories, and the creation of collective narratives offer the best hope for making progress in this field. We use several ecosystem management and community health programs in Peru, Kenya, and Nepal to demonstrate the characteristics necessary for this kind of "inside-out" approach.
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    Food, Floods, and Farming - An Ecosystem Approach to Human Health on the Peruvian Amazon Frontier
    (2008) Murray, Tamsyn P; Waltner-Toews, David; Sanchez-Choy, Jose; Sanchez-Zavala, Felix
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    Linking Human and Ecosystem Health on the Amazon Frontier
    (2002) Murray, Tamsyn P; Kay, James J; Waltner-Toews, David; Raez-Luna, Ernesto F; Aguirre, A. Alonso; Ostfeld, Richard S; Tabor, Gary M; House, Carol; Pearl, Mary C