Research and Policy Linkages / Liens entre la recherche et les politiques
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Item Final technical report : a Canadian community of practice in ecosystem approaches to health with a training and awards program for ecohealth research in international and development settings, January 2008 – June 2012(CoPEH-Canada, 2012-09) Webb, Jena; Saint‐Charles, Johanne; Parkes, Margot; Morrison, Karen; Lemire, Melanie; Woollard, RobertResearchers and institutions across Canada have identified a need for consolidation and commitment to ensure long‐term development and capacity in the field of Ecohealth. As such, a main activity of the Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health (CoPEH‐Can) is to collectively design and deliver a short-course that will promote and support research, education, policy and practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health to provide training to qualified graduate awardees under the proposed Canadian Ecohealth Graduate Training Awards Program. Consortium partners aim to establish this short‐course as an accredited graduate course, potentially complemented by a distance‐learning component.Item Eco-health assessment law and policy in the Americas : legal policy brief(Centre for International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL), Montreal, QC, CA, 2010) Centre for International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL)The project consortium of fifteen research and action institutes joined together across the Americas, to research the most cutting edge laws on environmental impact assessment in North America, Central America, South America, the Andes and the Caribbean, and to test how these laws are being applied for eco-health in specific projects. This document presents a brief survey of best practices related to the integration of health and environmental impact assessment in law and policy, based on examples of how the laws are applied in actual practice on the ground. A best practices survey is a useful tool for policy makers.Item Vietnam one health – ecohealth alliance newsletter, issue no. 1, January 2013(Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER), Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, VN, 2013-01) Hanoi School of Public Health. Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research (CENPHER)The newsletter provides links to activities and events, conferences and collaborative partnerships, that work towards better research and understanding in zoonotic disease prevention. Ecosystem approaches to health, or Ecohealth, acknowledge the complex, systemic nature of public health and environmental issues and the inadequacy of conventional methodologies for dealing with them.Item Climat, environnement et maladies à transmission vectorielle : cas de la Leishmaniose Cutanée Zoonotique (LCZ) dans la région de Sidi Bouzid, Tunisie; mémoire d'agrégation en géographie(Agence Tunisienne de Coopération Technique (ACTC), Tunis, TN, 2012) Hamida, Amal BenItem Enquêtes entomologiques dans un foyer de Leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique du Centre Tunisie : projet de fin d'études en vue de l'obtention de la Licence appliquée en Protection de l'environnement dans la spécialité «Environnement et sécuritaire»(Agence Tunisienne de Coopération Technique (ACTC), Tunis, TN, 2012) Fourati, EmnaItem Analyse de modalités d'adaptation aux effets sur la santé des changements climatiques : cas de la leishaniose cutanée zoonotique à leishmania major; rapport final(Agence Tunisienne de Coopération Technique (ACTC), Tunis, TN, 2012) Khouni Chahed, MohamedItem Preventing Pandemics Via International Development: A Systems Approach(PLOS, 2012) Bogich, Tiffany L; Chunara, Rumi; Scales, David; Chan, Emily; Pinheiro, Laura CThe Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges and opportunities for improving health care in their societies.Item Assessment of research needs for public health adaptation to social, environmental and climate change impacts on vector-borne diseases in Africa : an informal expert consultation convened by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR)(TDR/World Health Organization, Geneva, CH, 2012) World Health Organization; Thomson, Madeleine; Mantilla, Gilma; Platzer, Barbara; Willingham, Arve LeeControl strategies for vector--‐borne diseases (VBD) are a pillar of public health policies. Potential impacts of VBD-¬‐related risks reflect environmental exposure as well as social vulnerabilities, both of which are sensitive to climatic conditions. The existing evidence suggests that climate change impacts will substantially increase burdens on those populations that are already vulnerable to climate extremes, such as those of the African continent. Climate change in Africa induces multiple threats to development and the social dimensions of climate change are, therefore, increasingly highlighted on the development agenda. This is of particular significance for drylands in sub-¬‐Saharan Africa, in which water-¬‐related VBD are a significant disease burden while these areas are, at the same time, particularly poor, food insecure, ecologically fragile and socially vulnerable. The gap in knowledge about the relationships between social and economic vulnerabilities and environmental hazards linked to VBD in a context of climatic change, and the even larger gap in policy options for addressing the situation, have been identified by African ministers of health and environment, and technical experts internationally, as serious obstacles to evidence-¬‐based health policy change. Capacities need to be strengthened for generating, interpreting and using socio-¬‐ economic, environmental, meteorological and other climate information that could guide VBD prevention and control strategies and improve the ability of African countries to adapt to and reduce the effects of these changes in ways that benefit the most vulnerable populations. Trans--‐disciplinary research-¬‐for-¬‐policy frameworks for improved VBD risk management need to be developed that can sustainably improve the resilience of African populations to such VBD-¬‐related health threats under climate change conditions. An informal expert consultation was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 27-¬‐29 February 2012 to engage key stakeholders from the region in discussions to reach consensus on the most important research gaps and identify priorities in the African context for assessing impacts of interrelated social, environmental and climate changes on the relevant VBD burden of vulnerable populations as well as for developing and testing practical strategies for mitigating these impacts through adaptation.Item Agriculture-associated diseases : adapting; agriculture to improve human health(2011) McDermott, John; Grace, DeliaThis brief examines the range of agriculture-associated diseases to discover commonalities that can be leveraged to achieve better health outcomes. A typology of four categories frames the discussion, ranking them by overall impact on human health as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): Zoonoses and emerging infectious disease; Food-associated disease; Water-associated disease; and Occupational disease and drug resistance. Integrated approaches offer a broad framework for addressing complex disease. Bringing together key elements of human, animal, and ecosystem health, they address the social, economic, and political determinants of health. New approaches require new ways of working and institutional arrangements.Item Asian Partnership on Emerging Infectious Disease Research (APEIR), Organizational Consolidation and Development (16 June – to 31 October 2011) : narrative report(APEIR Organizational Consolidation and Development, TH, 2011) APEIR Regional Coordinating OfficeAPEIR aims to build and strengthen their partnership, to become recognized by peers, donors and research partners as a “market leader” on Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) research, and to become self-reliant in resource mobilization. This report discusses activities carried out during the period of implementation that began in June 2010 and assesses how project objectives were achieved. Meetings, workshops and other activities are reported on.Item Strengthening agriculture responsiveness to nutrition and health(University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CA, 2011) Bezner-Kerr, RachelThe presentation illustrates techniques of intercropping with legumes as a solution to problems of malnutrition, using a participatory farmer-to-farmer approach. Findings show that legume residue also helps to increase maize yields, and that the process of interacting with a specific community is critical. Approaches which bring farming communities’ perspectives into the forefront, while also addressing inequalities within communities, can be successful on many levels.Item Reshaping agriculture for nutrition and health : an IFPRI 2020 book(International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, US, 2012) Fan, Shenggen; Pandya-Lorch, RajulThis book identifies and details knowledge gaps, fosters new thinking, and proposes concrete actions on leveraging agriculture for improving nutrition and health, moving beyond Millennium Development Goals. The food system includes not only agriculture but also natural resources and inputs; transport, storage, and exchange; secondary production; and consumption. Each of these food system activities can interact with health and nutrition. Strengthening the policy and programmatic links between agriculture, health and nutrition requires a means of seeing how their myriad links fit together. Organizational and sectoral barriers within government need integration particularly in relation to the public agriculture sector.Item Proceedings of the IDRC-organised panels at the 8th International Conference on Urban Health, ICUH 2009, Nairobi, Kenya, October 18 - 23, 2009(IDRC, 2010) IDRCWorkshop papers focus on waste management in informal settlements and urban slum conditions. Neglect by local leaders/government is key to an ongoing poorly functioning system. Urban authorities continue to leave beneficiary communities as ‘passive’ service consumers. To improve the urban environment and health status of the urban poor, affected communities should be involved in problem identification and proposed solutions. Unsafe water, poor drainage and garbage disposal, inadequate latrines and air pollution are key urban environmental problems.Item Kathmandu urban ecosystem health project a model approach(2009) Joshi, D.D.; Sharma, MinuInternational Development Research Centre (IDRC) supported research study on Echinococcosis/Hydatidosis which was carried out between 1992 and 2001 in Kathmandu Metropolitan City Nepal. The research work was carried out in two distinct project stages in wards 19 and 20 of KMC one from 1992-1996(applying a traditional epidemiology approach) and a second was Urban Ecosystem Health Project (UEHP) Approach from 1998-2006. Overall, there were three main step of activities in the development of the UEHP in Nepal: First is an exploratory/analytical systemic steps focusing on linkages between social, ecological, and health variables (1998-2001); The second a community action step employing a variety of systemic, narrative, and participatory-action research tools (2003-2006); and the third phase of urban ecosystem health project started from 2007 to 2009 which is now running. Community participation or participatory action research is a key element of ecosystem health programmes. Participatory Action Research approaches have three main goals. The first step is to describe what is there? What are the physical and socio-economic possibilities of this person or place? If we use the analogy of a person. The Second step, for ecosystems as for individuals, health is not just a physical state, but what we might call a spiritual state. It has been said that in any part of the world no solutions will be sustainable in the long run unless they are rooted in the communities where the problems occur, drawing on the people in these communities and their many skills, resources, and important knowledge, and those communities feel empowered and supported by higher levels of government. If such approaches can be worked out between local communities in Indian Subcontinent, non-government organizations, businesses, regional institutions of government and university, and with outside input only as necessary, then truly sustainable solutions will be found, and Kathmandu.Item Facilitating the relationship between researchers and policy-makers : experiences from three Ecohealth projects in West and Central Africa(Springer, 2012) Koné, Brama; Feagan, Mathieu; Houenou, Yveline A.; Brou, Nicolas; Houenou, Pascal V.Item Gestion de l’eau de consommation et de la pollution dans le bassin versant de Yitenga : application à l’amélioration des conditions socio-sanitaires des populations et à la lutte contre les maladies gastro-intestinales; rapport technique provisoire(Fondation 2iE, 2011) Wethe, JosephLe présent projet de recherche – action a été conduit de 2007 à 2011 sur le thème « Gestion de l’eau de consommation et de la pollution dans le bassin versant de Yitenga : application à l’amélioration des conditions socio-sanitaires des populations et à la lutte contre les maladies gastro-intestinale ». Il vise comme objectif général de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des stratégies concertées d’amélioration des conditions socio-sanitaires à l’échelle d’un bassin versant ». Sa mise en oeuvre s’inscrit à la suite des principales recommandations de la Phase 1 de la recherche conduite de 2002 à 2005 sur le thème «Elaboration des stratégies de réduction des risques de maladies diarrhéiques pour les populations humaines dus aux petits barrages en Afrique de l’Ouest: Cas du barrage de Yitenga». En bref rappel, l’issue de la Phase 1 avait permis d’établir les liens entre la santé humaine et la santé de l’environnement. Elle a permis également d'identifier les facteurs des pressions environnementales qui créent des changements sur l’état des écosystèmes et contribuent. Ces facteurs exacerbent la contamination et à la vulnérabilité de l’homme aux maladies en général et aux maladies diarrhéiques en particulier. Les aléas aux maladies diarrhéiques avaient également été identifiés en termes d’insuffisance des services d’approvisionnement en eau potable, d’absence de systèmes adéquats d’assainissement des déchets solides et liquides, de la pauvreté et des mauvaises conditions socioéconomiques des ménages et enfin des comportements peu hygiéniques des populations dans leur milieu de vie...Item Three years progress report on Urban Ecosystem Health Project phase - II, 14 October 2003 – 13 October 2006(National Zoonoses and Food Hygiene Research Centre (NZFHRC), Kathmandu, NP, 2006) Joshi, D.D.Item Public health in the face of global ecological and climate change(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, GB, 2010) Soskolne, Colin L.; Westra, LauraResearch undertaken by members of the International Association of Ecology and Health (IAEH) makes critical linkages between population health and the dynamics of ecosystem damage and climate change. The preservation of human health is indissolubly linked to the health of the environment. The International Ecohealth Forum (2008) helped position the field of ecohealth as a key international advocate for this idea. This book chapter is a call for action from the Forum’s deliberations, advocating global adoption of the ecohealth movement.Item Avian and pandemic human influenza policy in South-East Asia : the interface between economic and public health imperatives(Oxford University Press, 2011) Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat; Adisasmito, Wiku; Sat, Le Minh; Silkavute, Pornpit; Muchlisoh, Lilis; Cong Hoat, Pham; Coker, RichardWhereas countries have adopted similar strategic policies for antiviral stockpiling in relation to highly pathogenic avian influenza, their differing economic imperatives are of critical importance. While Thailand’s poultry industry is principally an export economy, Vietnam’s and Indonesia’s are for domestic consumption. The introduction of a poultry vaccination policy in Thailand would have threatened its potential to trade and have a major impact on its economy. Economic imperatives have been critically important in guiding policy formulation in the agriculture sector, however, questions arise regarding how to reconcile agricultural policy with public health policy across the region.Item Tools for thoughtful action : the role of eosystem approaches to health in enhancing public health(Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2010) Webb, Jena C.; Mergler, Donna; Parkes, Margot W.; Saint-Charles, Johanne; Spiegel, Jerry; Waltner-Toews, David; Yassi, Annalee; Woollard, Robert F.Canadian scholars have consistently been at the forefront of applying ecological and systems thinking to health and well-being. The article traces the beginnings of ecosystem approaches to health through to programming at Canada’s IDRC. The application of ecohealth practices, reflection and consolidation over the past decade highlights the potential for ecohealth. The perspective of ecohealth can lead, as well as inform research, and integrate policy discourse regarding social determinants of health, gender equity, global health inequities, climate change and food and water resources management.