Science and Technology / Science et technologie
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Item Innover pour le bien commun : la mise à l’échelle de l’impact(Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2022-04-12) McLean, Robert; Gargani, JohnFondé sur divers cas d’étude, ce livre aborde les défis cruciaux du développement et présente la « science de la mise à l’échelle » en fournissant un ensemble de principes directeurs, de stratégies et de concepts, tous analysés à partir d’exemples. Il offre des outils utiles aux chercheurs, innovateurs, praticiens du développement et à tous ceux et celles qui souhaitent promouvoir l’utilisation de la science, de la recherche et des innovations sociales au nom du bien commun. Qu’est-ce qui permet de faire passer un essai pilote à un programme à grande échelle réussi? Plusieurs études ont montré l’existence d’un « fossé » entre ces essais et les initiatives à grande échelle. En examinant de près des cas réels dans l’hémisphère sud, les auteurs s’attaquent à un problème persistant dans le domaine du développement, c’est-à-dire celui de la mise à l’échelle de l’innovation sociale. En allant au-delà des approches traditionnelles, ils établissent des principes importants, discutent des tensions inhérentes au processus et, plutôt que de suggérer un seul chemin menant au succès, présentent un cadre qui ouvre de multiples possibilités.Item Scaling up research governance : from exceptionalism to fragmentation(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018-08-01) Currie-Alder, BruceMuslim-majority states are countries where more than half the population adheres to the Islamic faith. However, this ignores diaspora communities from Muslim-majority states residing elsewhere. As societies actively redefining themselves in the 21st century, Muslim-majority states have the opportunity to improve upon the changes in governance of science in OECD countries. Muslim perspectives on research governance, initially shaped by national governments has scaled beyond state borders to become entangled with global science. This chapter employs a realist approach based on the historic experience of Muslim-majority states, rather than a normative approach elucidating distinct Islamic principles for governing knowledge and science.Item Scaling impact : innovation for the public good(Routledge, 2019-05-24) McLean, Robert; Gargani, JohnScaling Impact introduces a new and practical approach to scaling the positive impacts of research and innovation. Inspired by leading scientific and entrepreneurial innovators from across Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East, this book presents a synthesis of unrivaled diversity and grounded ingenuity. The result is a different perspective on how to achieve impact that matters, and an important challenge to the predominant more-is-better paradigm of scaling. For organizations and individuals working to change the world for the better, scaling impact is a common goal and a well-founded aim. The world is changing rapidly, and seemingly intractable problems like environmental degradation or accelerating inequality press us to do better for each other and our environment as a global community. Challenges like these appear to demand a significant scale of action, and here the authors argue that a more creative and critical approach to scaling is both possible and essential. To encourage uptake and co-development, the authors present actionable principles that can help organisations and innovators design, manage, and evaluate scaling strategies. Scaling Impact is essential reading for development and innovation practitioners and professionals, but also for researchers, students, evaluators, and policymakers with a desire to spark meaningful change.Item Shadow libraries : access to knowledge in global higher education(MIT Press, 2018-05) Karaganis, JoeShadow Libraries explores the question of access to educational materials in the globalization of higher education and digitization of knowledge, alongside the comparatively slow parallel expansion of legal access to materials. Unauthorized archives like Libgen, Gigapedia, and Sci-Hub are international shadow libraries with massive aggregations of downloadable scholarly materials. Book chapters consider current experiments in access: the Russian samizdat tradition, with its connection to resistance; BiblioFyL, an online archive built by students at the University of Buenos Aires; education policy and practices of students in post-Apartheid South Africa; the politics of access in India; and copy culture in Brazil.Item Linking universities and marginalised communities : South African case studies of innovation focused on livelihoods in informal settings(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2015) Kruss, Glenda; Gastrow, MichaelThe knowledge imperatives of universities are explored in relation to the public good and social justice, as well as the roles of innovation and technology transfer. Case studies provide examples of coherence between teaching, research, innovation and community engagement, and illustrate the enablers and constraints to such interactions. The cases also suggest that a definition of innovation as ‘new products and processes’ may be too limited to capture innovation that is specific to local needs and/ or more related to social systems, than to the technology itself. The contribution of universities to innovation is a key driver of economic and social development.Item Biotechnology and innovation systems : the role of public policy(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2011) Göransson, Bo; Pålsson, Carl MagnusThis book explores how policies targeting public research institutions, such as universities, contribute to the appropriation of biotechnology through national innovation systems. Around the world, biotechnology has become a driving force for dramatic change in systems and policies intended to spur innovation. The leading contributors expertly construct a detailed picture of policy approaches that support biotechnology and how such approaches work under different economic and social conditions. They also provide an insight into the role of universities in this process. Researchers, academics, students, policy advisors, decision-makers, and other professionals involved in the fields of biotechnology, innovation systems, higher education, and development will find this book an invaluable resource.Item Global innovation in emerging economies(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2011)This book addresses the context for location of global research and development (R&D) in emerging economies by multinational corporations (MNCs), and the driving forces behind this trend; performance of global R&D by companies from emerging economies; and national and corporate implications of these new trends for innovation systems. The trends have managerial implications for companies and policy implications for the emerging economies where such R&D is performed, as well as for the industrialized home countries of the companies.Item Innovation and the development agenda(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2010) Kraemer-Mbula, Erica; Wamae, WatuInnovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key role of knowledge in innovation for development; and the importance of comparable country studies and official statistics on innovation. It stresses the need for innovation to become part of a comprehensive development agenda, and makes recommendations for promoting activities in both the formal and informal sectors, with the aim of transforming agriculture into a knowledge-based industry capable of stimulating economic growth.Item Innovation strategies for a global economy : development, implementation, measurement and management(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2010) Gault, FredThis book is about innovation, what it is and how it is measured, the use of indicators in policy and the policy learning that results. Framework conditions such as market regulation and the cost of doing business are examined. The book considers innovation strategies for a global economy, their development, implementation, measurement and management. Innovation systems are global, complex, dynamic and non-linear in response to policy intervention. Thus the focus turns to a science of innovation policy, essential to an understanding of non- linear innovation systems sufficient to support policy learning and effective intervention.Item Economic liberalization and political violence : utopia or dystopia?(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2010) Gutiérrez, Francisco; Schönwälder, GerdGlobalization is lauded by some as a tool for spreading peace and prosperity, and decried by others as a harbinger of conflict and war. This book challenges both views. The six cases examined in this volume display economic, political, and social repercussions due to neoliberal reforms, which have had profound and lasting impacts. In several of the countries examined, national economies became more and more dependent not on their own vitality and resilience, but on external resource flows. Neoliberalism may well be all-encompassing and global, but its practical application is often incomplete and messy, and may be hijacked to serve corrosive purposes.Item Making choices about hydrogen : transport issues for developing countries(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2008) Mytelka, Lynn K.; Boyle, GrantThis book reflects the ongoing debate over hydrogen, fuel cells and their alternatives, and addresses the need for a continuous stream of information on new research, innovation strategies and policies. Fuel cells reverse the long-known process of electrolysis, instead using a fuel supply to combine hydrogen and oxygen, thus generating an electric current. Proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert hydrogen directly into electricity without combustion or moving parts. The book is divided into four parts, covering discussions on: hydrogen and fuel cells as a disruptive technology; considerations of alternative energy sources; the automotive industry; and the energy transition process.Item Science, technology, and innovation in Chile(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2000) Mullin, James; Adam, Robert; Halliwell, Janet E.; Milligan, Larry P.Item Viet Nam at the crossroads : the role of science and technology(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1999-01) Bezanson, K.; Annerstedt, J.; Chung, K.; Hopper, D.; Oldham, G.Item Decade of reform : science and technology policy in China(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1997) IDRC; China. State Science and Technology CommissionItem Dix ans de réforme : politique scientifique et technologique en Chine(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1997) CRDI; Chine. Commission d'Etat pour la science et la technologieItem Science terre à terre : science, technologie et gestion intégrée des terres(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1997) ONU. Commission des sciences et de la technique au service du développement, Groupe d'étude de la gestion intégrée des terresItem Science and technology policy : a report from the Mission on Science and Technology Policy for a Democratic South Africa(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1995) Van Ameringen, MarcItem Échec à la pauvreté : les besoins humains, la science et la technologie(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1997) Commission des sciences et de la technique au service du développement des Nations Unies. Groupe d’étude sur la technologie au service des besoins essentielsItem L'autre développement : l'égalité des sexes dans la science et la technologie(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1996)Item Assault on poverty : basic human needs, science, and technology(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 1997) UN. Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Panel on Technology for Basic Needs