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Item Seeing people through the trees : scaling up efforts to advance rights and address poverty, conflict and climate change(RRI, Washington, DC, US, 2008) Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI)Forest areas have an integral role in the development agenda of the next several decades because of the myriad challenges that converge within their landscapes. Donor agencies and policy-makers can change historical patterns of forest governance and management as a first and critical step toward addressing the impending global challenges of climate change, ongoing conflict and persistent poverty. The report references past models of forest management to demonstrate the weaknesses in prior governance structures while emphasizing gaps and opportunities for the strategic involvement of the international community. The key messages and recommendations to emerge from this literature speak to the global development community, country governments and civil society regarding their roles in forest tenure reform and improved governance.Item GRPI newsletter / the Genetic Resources Policy Initiative, June 2007(GRPI Global Coordination Office (GGCO), Nairobi, KE, 2007) Lewis-Lettington, Robert; Chishakwe, Nyasha; Halewood, Michael; Mwashumbe, Angelina; Kamau, KennedyItem Pat Mooney : No More Hunger; la grande première d'un documentaire fait pour la télévision(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2004) Musée canadien de la nature; CRDI; Worldwide TV AssociatesItem Pat Mooney : No More Hunger; the Canadian premiere of a new half-hour television special(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2004) Canadian Museum of Nature; IDRC; Worldwide TV AssociatesItem Celebrate diversity in global indigenous food : International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples; poster(CINE, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, CA, 2007) Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment (CINE), McGill UniversityItem Whose varieties are they? : clarifying questions of recognition, access, and benefit sharing related to the development of new varieties through participatory plant breeding; project final report(2008) Song, Yiching; Vernooy, RonnieThis report is part of the umbrella project, “Deepening the methodological basis of participatory plant breeding.” It provides detailed summaries of activities carried out in terms of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) benefit sharing; policy analysis and new policies to protect genetic resources; farmer’s rights in seed collecting, intellectual property and ownership; training and workshops; seed and seed security; regulatory frameworks; grain yield performance; rural economies; biodiversity; farmer participation and associations.Item Lessons from the Equator Initiative : common property perspectives for community-based conservation in Southern Africa and Namibia(Centre for Community-Based Resource Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CA, 2007) Hoole, ArthurThis paper examines community-based conservation in Southern Africa, with particular attention to Namibia’s community-based natural resource management(CBNRM) program and common property resource institutions called conservancies recently established in Namibia and growing exponentially since 1998. A premise of this research is that community-based conservation institutions might effectively complement or serve as alternatives to state established protected areas to conserve biodiversity... The purpose of this paper is to consider institutional arrangements for community-based conservation by local and indigenous communities in Southern Africa, particularly for Namibia, through the lens of common property principles. The robustness of Namibia’s conservancy model is important to assess in terms of the premise that such institutions can be positively linked and complement protected areas management for biodiversity conservation.Item How important will different types of compensation and reward mechanisms be in shaping poverty and ecosystem services across Africa, Asia and Latin America over the next two decades?(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Scherr, Sara J.; Milder, Jeffrey C.; Bracer, CarinaThis paper is the 9th paper in a series of nine interlinked papers commissioned by the Rural Poverty and Environment Programme (RPE) of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) as part of a research project entitled ‘Scoping Study of Compensation for Ecosystem Services’. The purpose of this project is to provide the RPE with a broader and richer deliberation on the potential for economic instruments (including market, financial and incentive based instruments) which conserve ecosystem services and at the same time contribute to poverty reduction in the developing world. // The development of Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services (CRES) will have differential impact on poor resource managers and poor consumers depending upon the characteristics of the resource itself, the financial and other values for different beneficiaries, and the design of payment and market systems. In this early stage of CRES development, there are significant opportunities to shape that development in ways that will have greater benefits for the poor and for poverty reduction. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relative importance of different types of CRES in shaping poverty and ecosystem services across the developing world, as they are likely to evolve over the next two decades.Item Organization and governance for fostering pro-poor compensation for environmental services(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Bracer, Carina; Scherr, Sara; Molnar, Augusta; Sekher, Madhushree; Ochieng, Benson Owuor; Sriskanthan, GayaThis paper is the 8th in a series of nine interlinked papers commissioned by the Rural Poverty and Environment Programme (RPE) of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) as part of a research project entitled ‘Scoping Study of Compensation for Ecosystem Services’. The purpose of this project is to provide the RPE with a broader and richer deliberation on the potential for economic instruments (including market, financial and incentive based instruments) which conserve ecosystem services and at the same time contribute to poverty reduction in the developing world. // This paper was prepared by Forest Trends, Ecoagriculture Partners and the Rights and Resources Initiative, with the support of the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) office in Sri Lanka, as well as coauthors of the remaining issue papers in the series. The purpose of this paper is to assess the requirements, current state and key issues related to organization and governance in the compensation and reward for ecosystem services (CRES) needed to achieve pro-poor outcomes. It reviews the institutional evolution of CRES both conceptually and in practice, and presents a broad view of the many governance, legal and political economy related aspects of CRES. // To increase potential for pro-poor outcomes of CRES, the opportunity for local conditions to define the supporting institutional structures and norms that surround CRES is critical. There are a wide range of institutional models of CRES that can benefit the poor, and these tend to include features such as: building upon and strengthening existing institutions of the poor, allowing flexibility in land use options and in the timeframe for adoption and adaptation of land use, simplification of monitoring and reporting to fit local capacity, and orientation and training of intermediary organizations who serve as brokers to the poor and help them to aggregate supply of CRES services and mediate with buyers. Some key priority actions and areas for further research conclude the paper.Item Conditions for effective mechanisms of compensation and rewards for environmental services(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Swallow, Brent; Leimona, Beria; Yatich, Thomas; Velarde, Sandra J.; Puttaswamaiah, S.This is the 7th paper in a series of 9 papers prepared as part of the pan-tropical scoping study of compensation and rewards for environmental services: the conceptual framework (ICRAF Working Paper 32), 5 issue papers (ICRAF Working Papers 36, 37, 38, 39, 40) and 3 workshop reports (ICRAF Working Papers 33, 34, 35). // This paper considers the conditions that determine the effectiveness of compensation and reward mechanisms. The paper takes deductive and inductive approaches to addressing the question. A series of 11 hypotheses are derived from theories of institutional change, environmental policy diffusion, and the co-dependence between different types of policy instruments. Eight case studies, all of which were considered at regional workshops on compensation for environmental services, are reviewed in the latter part of the paper. The cases, from Latin America, Africa and Asia, cover a range of environmental services and policy contexts. Overall the results suggest the following conditions to be important in many of the cases: (1) market opportunities and localized scarcity for particular environmental services; (2) international environmental agreements, international organizations, and international networks; (3) government policies and public attitudes toward government environmental responsibility, security of individual and group property rights, and markets; and (4) the strength of the regulatory regime affecting the environment.Item Criteria and indicators for environmental service compensation and reward mechanisms : realistic, voluntary, conditional and pro-poor(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Noordwijk, Meine van; Leimona, Beria; Emerton, Lucy; Tomich, Thomas P.; Velarde, Sandra J.Working markets are by definition realistic, voluntary and conditional. Their effects on poverty and human well-being are mixed. Many environmental problems and the increasing scarcity of ecosystem services are linked to ‘market failures’. Time lags, complex cause-effect linkages, and multiple layers of rights and responsibilities, make many environmental ‘service’ considerations externalities of decision-making processes focussed on ‘marketable goods’. Which combination of characteristics is needed for mechanisms that internalize the costs and benefits of ecosystem utilization enough to avoid environmental degradation beyond thresholds of sustainability? Can market-based mechanisms be pro-poor? We set out to identify mutually – beneficial opportunities for the ‘modifiers’ and ‘beneficiaries’ of environmental services to develop agreements and contracts as an alternative to a purely regulatory approach to environmental management. We do not ignore regulation, but rather see regulations as defining the domain for voluntary and conditional rewards for environmental services (ES). Inputs into the analysis are derived from theory and emerging practice in action research sites and pilot application schemes. Theoretical insights are drawn from social welfare theory (development and environmental economics and project appraisal), institutional economics (principal agent problems, game theory) and integrated natural resource management. We present a general framework to clarify the multiple pathways between poverty and mechanisms for compensation and reward for environmental services (8 identified so far) and a set of criteria and indicators for evaluating those mechanisms. Two main classes and six main criteria are formulated. The first class relates to the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of compensation and reward for environmental services (CRES) institutions, with environmental services as the primary target. The criteria in this class relate to three questions that predominate in the scoping, stakeholder analysis and negotiation, and implementation stages of establishing a compensation and reward mechanism, respectively: Will rewards be realistic? Will they be voluntary? What conditionality will apply? The second class of three questions is aimed at the equity dimension. Is poverty linked to environmental services? Who is/will be excluded from the mechanism? Are the rewards ‘pro-poor’? A total of 12 sub-criteria with a range of possible indicators are proposed under the overall headings of realistic, conditional, voluntary and pro-poor. The paper also presents hypotheses about the way that various stakeholders will perceive and negotiate assessment criteria in particular circumstances. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of a middle ground for negotiating voluntary reward mechanisms that are site-specific and yet have affordable transaction costs.Item Exploring the inter-linkages among and between Compensation and Rewards for Ecosystem Services (CRES) and human well-being(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Iftikhar, Usman Ali; Kallesoe, Mikkel; Duraiappah, Anantha; Sriskanthan, Gaya; Poats, Susan V.; Swallow, BrentThis paper is the fifth in a series of nine interlinked papers commissioned by the Rural Poverty and Environment Programme (RPE) of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) as part of a research project entitled scoping study of compensation for ecosystem services. The purpose of this project is to provide the RPE with a broader and richer deliberation on the potential for economic instruments (including market, financial and incentive-based instruments), which conserve ecosystem services and at the same time contribute to poverty reduction in the developing world. // This paper is prepared by IUCN – The World Conservation Union, The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Forest Trends, Corporacion Grupo Randi Randi (CGRR), and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). The purpose of this paper is to develop in-depth understanding of the interface between Compensation and Rewards for Ecosystem Services (CRES) and human well-being, namely how, where and when CRES options are relevant to poverty reduction and the well-being of the poor. CRES in the context of this paper is being explored as: compensation for ecosystem services (CES) in monetary or non-monetary payments made by those whose actions modify ecosystem services in a way that is perceived to be harmful to the ecosystem and thus its services (the proverbial polluters pay principle); and rewards for ecosystem services (RES) in monetary or non-monetary payments made to those whose actions modify ecosystem services in exchange for undertaking good stewardship or guardianship of the ecosystem (the beneficiaries pay principle). // This paper explores the relationship between CRES and poverty reduction and the well-being of the poor through the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework. The MA framework has been instrumental in examining and revealing the inter-linkages, synergies and trade-offs between (and among) ecosystem services, and between ecosystem services and human well-being. The framework provides a unique pathway to understanding CRES’s potential ability to reduce poverty by considering where synergies are possible and where trade-offs are inevitable. This framework has important implications for an approach that pursues conservation and poverty reduction jointly.Item Asia Regional Workshop on Compensation for Ecosystem Services : a component of the global scoping study on compensation of ecosystem service(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Raju, K.V.; Puttaswamaiah, S.; Sekher, Madhushree; Rumley, RachelThe World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, together with Forest Trends, Washington DC, The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland, Corporación Grupo Randi Randi, Quito, Ecuador, the African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, Kenya, the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Bangalore, India, and the United Nations Environment Programme – Division for Environmental Law and Conventions, Nairobi, Kenya, is leading a scoping study for the International Development Research Centre (IDRC-Canada) on the model of payments for environmental services (PES) as applied in developing countries, to determine how the poor are affected by these schemes and whether the schemes are compatible with poverty reduction objectives. // As a key part of the study, a 3-day workshop is being held in each focal region. The Asia Regional Workshop was held in Bangalore, India from 8 -10 May 2006 at the Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR) of the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC). The event brought together 39 participants from across the region, including India, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka, as well as the project coordination team from the Nairobi headquarters of The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Delegates represented international and national-level organizations, academic bodies, NGOs, consulting firms and donor agencies. // This report covers the proceedings of the workshop. It includes summaries of all presentations made (22) as well as summaries of the panel discussions and the open discussions held after the presentations.Item Report on the Latin American Regional Workshop on Compensation for Environmental Services and Poverty Alleviation in Latin America, April 26-28, 2006, Quito, Ecuador(World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, KE, 2007) Poats, Susan V.The World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, together with Forest Trends, Washington DC, The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland, Corporación Grupo Randi Randi, Quito, Ecuador, the African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, Kenya, the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Bangalore, India, and the United Nations Environment Programme – Division for Environmental Conventions, Nairobi, Kenya, is leading a scoping study for the International Development Research Centre (IDRC-Canada) on the model of payments for environmental services (PES) as applied in developing countries, to determine how the poor are affected by these schemes and whether the schemes are compatible with poverty reduction objectives. // As part of the study, CGRR, together with Forest Trends and IUCN, were responsible for organizing a Latin American workshop on PES and poverty. The workshop was held in Quito, Ecuador, April 26-28, 2006. This report covers the organization and planning process of the workshop. It includes summaries of all presentations made as well as summaries of the case studies presented by international participants. A synthesis of the current situation and trends in the region concerning PES and poverty is presented and followed by conclusions and recommendations proposed by workshop participants.Item Development and transfer of technologies for smallholder bamboo and rattan-based producers from Asia to Africa : final technical and financial report(International Network for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, CN, 2001) International Network for Bamboo and RattanItem Implementing land tenure reforms in Asia : lessons learned and recommendations for the future; an international policy seminar, June 19, 2006, Bali, Indonesia(Samdhana Institute, Bogor, ID, 2006) Rights and Resource Initiaative (RRI); Samdhana Institute; World Agroforestry CentreItem Participatory video documentation of an indigenous community's natural resource management project : final technical report, 1 April 2006 - 31 March 2007(UPLB, College of Development Communication, Los Baños, PH, 2007) UPLB - College of Development Communication; Nora C. Quebral Development Communication CenterItem Participatory communication and research to enhance CBNRM(UPLB, College of Development Communication, Los Baños, PH, 2007) UPLB, College of Development Communication; Association of Indigenous Peoples for the protection of Ancestral Domains (AGTA); Legal Assistance Center for Indigenous Filipinos (Panlipi)Item Dinámica causal y el "CLIP" aplicados al manejo de cuencas hidrográficas(Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, Departamento de Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Catacamas, Olancho, HN, 2006) Reyes Sandoval, WilmerItem Semillas nuevas, viejos marcos institucionales : retos para la innovación rural(Asociación Ecología, Tecnología y Cultura en los Andes, Lima, PE, 2007) Vernooy, Ronnie