Research Results (Ecohealth) / Résultats de recherches (Écosanté)
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Item Restricted Abordaje ecosistémico para la prevención y el control del vector del dengue en Uruguay y Argentina : informe del taller(Centro Cooperavista Uruguayo, Montevideo, UY, 2004) Centro Cooperativista UruguayoItem Open Access Abordaje ecosistémico para prevenir y controlar al vector del dengue en Uruguay(Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UY, 2010) Basso, CésarItem Open Access Absence of dry season Plasmodium parasitaemia, but high rates of reported acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in preschool-aged children in Kaédi, southern Mauritania(BioMed Central, 2012) Touray, Sunkaru; Bâ, Hampâté; Bâ, Ousmane; Koïta, Mohamedou; Salem, Cheikh B. Ould AhmedAs a ‘hot spot’ for climate change, the epidemiology of malaria in the River Gorgol valley, southern Mauritania, requires particular attention. Entomological investigations in neighbouring regions point to an absence of malaria transmission in mosquito vectors in the dry season. Because the clinical signs of malaria overlap with those of other diseases (e.g. acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea), new research is needed to understand malaria transmission patterns. Acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea were reported in 43.4% and 35.0% of the participants, respectively, in this dry season survey. Research needs to be repeated towards the end of the rainy season.Item Open Access Abstract for oral presentation : addressing health risk of communities residing close to stone quarrying and crushing unit using ecohealth framework in Central India(Development Alternatives, New Delhi, IN, 2011) Ranjan, Raghwesh; Palsamy, Jayachandran; Sogani, ReetuConsecutive drought has led to loss of biodiversity and acute water scarcity forcing already vulnerable communities to either migrate or work at hazardous occupations. The region is rich in granite reserves, and stone quarrying units employ a large number of unskilled and migrant rural workers. The research involves assessment of environmental quality, health risks, socioeconomic and political factors to ascertain differential contributions of multiple health determinants. Project results aim toward establishing an eco-health model that enhances social equity in settings that abound in similar environmental health hazards.Item Open Access Abstracts : International Forum EcoHealth 2008, December 1 - 5, 2008, Merida, Mexico(Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Mexico, MX, 2008) Rodríguez, Mario Henry; Confalonieri, UlissesItem Restricted Item Open Access Accessibility, availability and utilisation of malaria interventions among women of reproductive age in Kilosa district in central Tanzania(BioMed Central, 2014) Rumisha, Susan F.; Zinga, Maria M.; Fahey, Carolyn A.; Wei, Dorothy; Bwana, Veneranda M.This study showed that pregnant women had only average knowledge about malaria in pregnancy and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), and this is likely reflected in low IPTp coverage. Campaigns that provide educational messages on the risk of malaria during pregnancy and the usefulness of IPTp need to be emphasised. The research aimed to determine factors affecting accessibility, availability and utilisation of malaria interventions among women of reproductive age in Kilosa district in central Tanzania. As well, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) stock-outs and lack of qualified health workers were common in all health facilities in the district.Item Restricted Actes de la conférence : Intégration des quartiers spontanés dans l'urbanisation et les technologies alternatives d'assainissement et d'accès à l'eau potable; Yaoundé, 23, 24 et 25 Février 2010(ENSP - Yaoundé, Yaoundé, CM, 2010) Foudjet, Amos; Ngnikam, EmmanuelItem Open Access Adaptation aux changements climatiques au Malawi grâce à l'amélioration des sols et de la nutrition(Écosystèmes et santé humaine, CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2014) CRDI. Écosystèmes et santé humaineDes recherches en cours au Malawi montrent que les stratégies agroécologiques, en particulier la culture intercalaire de légumineuses, présentent de nombreux avantages dans le contexte des changements climatiques : elles améliorent la santé des sols et la nutrition et accroissent la résilience des systèmes de production.Item Open Access Adapting to climate change in Malawi by improving soils and nutrition(Ecosystems and Human Health, IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2014) IDRC. Ecosystems and Human HealthOngoing research in Malawi shows that agro-ecological farming strategies—especially intercropping with legumes— bring many benefits in the context of climate change: healthier soils, improved nutrition, and more resilient farming systems.Item Restricted Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health (AMESH): An Introduction(2004) Waltner-Toews, David; Kay, James; Murray, Tamsyn P; Neudoerffer, Cynthia; Midgley, Gerald; Ochoa-Arias, AlejandroItem Restricted Addressing Agriculture-Associated Diseases(2011) Mehta-Bhatt, PurviThese brief conference notes provide an overview of one of the sessions for the “Leveraging Agriculture for Improved Nutrition and Health” international conference (2011). Participants focused on agriculture, ecosystems and public health policy. Some ‘negative’ case studies, like Avian Influenza management in Egypt were discussed, where limited linkages/communication between the agriculture and health sectors make it difficult to diagnose a problem until it is diagnosed in humans.Item Open Access Addressing Sanitation Challenge in Poor Urban Areas through Sustainable Technologies, Gender Integration and Supportive Policy Framework(2012) Waititu, AnnabellThis successful project developed delivery mechanisms for gender responsive water and sanitation services, and influenced regulatory and policy frameworks in East Africa (Kenya and Uganda). Given that women are traditionally responsible for provision of water and sanitation at the household level, but have no input into infrastructure design and policy, they are particularly affected by lack of services. Partnerships with WSUP, NETWAS and UN HABITAT contributed a great deal of success to the project. Water and sanitation development must be accompanied by adequate training and capacity building that ensures proper management and sustainability of any interventions.Item Restricted African Highland Initiative: A framework for research and development on NRM in the highlands of East and Central Africa(2000) Stroud, AThe African Highlands Initiative (AHI) is an ecoregional programme which seeks to develop and implement an integrated research and development agenda on natural resource management (NRM) at nine selected benchmark locations in five countries in the region: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Madagascar. AHI research programme, while emphasizing sustainability of the highland areas will: 1) focus on integrating solutions to NRM issues by adopting participatory and integrated systems approaches; 2) strengthen partnerships and greater collaboration of a wide range of institutions and organizations to achieve more effective and efficient research and development; 3) improve the integration of biophysical and social science research, thus marrying human and technical dimensions; and 4) link policy formulation to technology development. Phase I concentrated on characterization and diagnosis of the benchmark locations to give Phase 11 (starting in 1998) more specific direction. Research in Phase I concentrated on pest—disease complexes which are exacerbated by low soil fertility in intensively cultivated systems and on soil fertility maintenance and improvement. Phase II will build on these areas and give increased attention to integrated NRM research at the community level on one hand and to regional links on the other. The premise being a greater impact by concentrating expertise and resources as well as enhancing the transfer of technology and information across the region. National agricultural research systems (NARS), International Agricultural Research Centres (IARCs), farmers, local non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and extension agents are the major partners joining forces in this effort.Item Open Access Agricultural and food trade policy in Lebanon : overview and economic analysis(2006) Hunter, ElizabethItem Restricted Agricultural practices and food security : a case study of strategies in the central Andean region of Argentina : technical and financial report of the Ecohealth 2006 award(Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, AR, 2006) Rivera Bilbao La Vieja, ClaudiaItem Open Access Agricultural strategies to improve nutrition, food security and gender equality for the rural poor in Malawi(2011-01) Bezner Kerr, Rachel; Bonatsos, Christine; Jones, AndrewImproving food security is a key way that governments can ensure the long-term economic growth and health of a nation. Malawi, one of the poorest countries in the world, has a rural majority that struggles with food insecurity. The Malawi Government has announced the Greenbelt Initiative (GBI) with the goal of increasing national and household food security through large and small-scale irrigation schemes. Given the positive spin-offs for rural economies, health and development, a policy shift toward increased domestic food production is a laudable strategy for achieving this goal. Although the GBI stresses smallholder food security, a primary focus on increased national food supplies can lead to persistent food insecurity, poverty and malnutrition. Thus, while improved access to agricultural inputs, technology, extension, and credit as outlined in the GBI are necessary, these conditions in themselves are not sufficient to guarantee improved smallholder farmer household food sufficiency. In fact, evidence from other parts of sub-Saharan Africa has shown that while irrigation programs have produced increases in aggregate crop production, these gains have often failed to improve food security or nutrition outcomes for the rural poor and have exacerbated social inequalities, especially where such programs have not been carefully designed and planned.1-5 The inability to achieve food self-sufficiency and increased inequalities resulting from irrigation projects are important considerations for Malawi, given smallholder farming accounts for more than 80% of food production for subsistence and more than 50% of its population is poor.6-8 These considerations are closely linked to social, nutritional and health outcomes that should be evaluated alongside potential environmental concerns prior to GBI implementation.11-20 This policy brief draws on evidence from prior irrigation projects to 1) highlight potential social and nutritional consequences of irrigation schemes, and to 2) recommend strategies for incorporating social and nutritional concerns into the planning and implementation of the GBI in order to help achieve both national and household food security.Item Open Access Agriculture and health inter-sectorial research process to reduce hazardous pesticide health impacts among smallholder farmers in the Andes(BioMed Central, London, GB, 2011) Cole, Donald C.; Orozco, Fadya; Pradel, Willy; Suquillo, Jovanny; Mera, XavierWork with multiple actors is needed to shift agriculture away from pesticide use, and towards greater sustainability and human health, particularly for vulnerable smallholder farmers. This research in potato and vegetable farming communities in the Andean highlands worked with partners from various sectors over several projects. Increased involvement in organic agriculture was associated with greater household food security and food sovereignty. More diversified, moderately developed agricultural systems had lower pesticide use and better child nutrition. The Ecuadorian Ministry of Health has rolled out pesticide poisoning surveillance modeled on this research.Item Restricted Agriculture péri-urbaine dans les Niayes de Dakar, une contribution à la sauvegarde de la biodiversité dans les zones humides tout en préservant la santé des populations locales : rapport scientifique(Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, SN, 2001) Niang, Seydou; Sarr, Oumar; Diarra, Karamoko; Toure, Kamadore; Dieng, Yemou; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar; Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire Cheikh Anta DiopItem Restricted Agriculture péri-urbaine dans les Niayes de Dakar, une contribution à la sauvegarde de la biodiversité dans les zones humides tout en préservant la santé des populations locales : rapport technique final(Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, SN, 2001) Niang, Seydou; Sarr, Oumar; Diarra, Karamoko; Toure, Kamadore; Dieng, Yemou; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar; Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire Cheikh Anta Diop