Browsing by Author "Samarajiva, Rohan"
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Item Open Access Annex 14 : bulk data : policy implications (draft)(2018-03) Samarajiva, Rohan; Perera-Gomez, ThavishaThe term “bulk surveillance” is used to describe the collection and analysis of behavioral big data relevant to maintenance of law and order, broadly defined. Avoidance of detection by law breakers may be perceived as easier in virtual space when agents of the law are at a technological disadvantage. The focus of this paper is on the subset of big data known as transaction-generated data (also described as “data exhaust”) arising from the day-to-day behaviors of persons and the technological devices closely associated with them. What should the principles be with regard to bulk surveillance and uses of personal data?Item Open Access Annex 15 : analyzing Facebook data to understand regional connectivity(2018-03) Wijeratne, Yudhanjaya; Samarajiva, Rohan; Lokanathan, Sriganesh; Surendra, Aparna; Fernando, LasanthaSocial network connectivity between nations potentially serves as a way of exploring networks of international communities, human movement and economic activity. This connectivity often appears to transcend governmental and political barriers (such as between India and Pakistan, for example). Initial exploratory analysis reveals that social network data does strongly correlate to trade and migration between countries, but not to the distance between countries. Some prospective challenges are also outlined for this study.Item Restricted Asian backbone study, version 1.6(World Dialogue on Regulation for Network Economies (WDR), Lyngby, DK, 2006) Singh, Harsha Vardhana; Samarajiva, Rohan; Zainudeen, AyeshaItem Restricted Big data at the heart of smart cities(Wijeya Newspapers, 2015-09) Samarajiva, RohanUntil recently, constraints of computer memory, retrieval, and processing limited the use of data to entities who could afford supercomputers. Since hardware and memory have declined in price and improved functionality and open-source software has been developed, big data analytics have been democratized. For example, using smart phone data, Sri Lankan city of Colombo has analysed population nodes, and unlike expensive industry surveys, can pinpoint locales as “leaning commercial” or “leaning residential.” To feed data, infrastructure investments are required. But a city becomes smart only when its functioning improves due to enhanced feedback, and creative responses are made.Item Open Access Big data for development for the Global South : a research and policy agenda(2017-03) Samarajiva, RohanBig data for development (BD4D) requires greater attention to representivity, validation, and the minimization of harm, not only in terms of privacy, but also marginalization - as when large swaths of populations are excluded from analysis because their data are not analyzable. This paper begins the process of involving organizations from the global south in shaping BD4D research and policy agendas. The conception of (BD4D) research as some kind of magic bullet that would displace prior research methods is not defensible even as the idea gathers momentum. Group harms and harms to competition and innovation are also presented.Item Open Access Building Emerging Leaders in Communications Policy in Africa and Asia : final technical report(2019-05-13) Samarajiva, Rohan; Gamage, Sujata; Perera, Samali; Perera-Gomez, Thavisha; Premawardhana, NamaliAfter 13 years in operation, Communication Policy Research south (CPRsouth) redesigned and improved their Young Scholar (YS) program. Mentoring of conference presenters was enhanced through senior scholars who serve on the Board, and as well through experienced peers. Between conferences, greater use of case studies and interactive learning in tutorials was implemented along with increased use of social media connectivity. The objective of CPRsouth is to seed the growth of policy intellectuals and young leaders capable of evidence-based policy intervention in low- and lower-middle income countries in Asia and Africa.Item Restricted Competition in the telecom sector : regulator’s role; BRTI Seminar, Jakarta, 9 March, 2005(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2005) Samarajiva, RohanItem Open Access Evaluating last-mile hazard information dissemination : a research proposal(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2008) Samarajiva, RohanThis is a comprehensive and detailed report regarding implementation of a first-responders ICT strategy for emergency communication and disaster management in Sri Lanka. The project showed that ICTs can be incorporated into communities and form a critical infrastructure. However, from a technical perspective all ICTs used in the hazard information dissemination system (HazInfo Pilot) need upgrading to receive Complete Full-CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) messages before their use in the Last-Mile Communities of Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan society is not used to working according to plans, nor adhering to concepts of deadlines. Disastrous weather events and ongoing civil conflicts are impediments to pilot project planning.Item Open Access ICT infrastructure in emerging Asia : policy and regulatory roadblocks(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, 2008) Samarajiva, Rohan; Zainudeen, AyeshaItem Restricted Importance of backbone : usable knowledge for growing the sector; ICT policy and regulation research from LIRNEasia, New Delhi, 6 March 2006(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2006) Samarajiva, Rohan; Singh, Harsha VardhanaItem Open Access Information lives of the poor : fighting poverty with technology(IDRC, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2013) Elder, Laurent; Samarajiva, Rohan; Gillwald, Alison; Galperin, HernánThis book draws on ground-breaking research regarding how access to ICTs affects lives and livelihoods among the developing-country poor. Household surveys reveal how and why the developing-country poor are using communication tools. Analysis of survey results from Africa, Asia, and Latin America provides lessons about government, civil society, and the private sector roles in ensuring greater social inclusion in benefits of ICT access. Technology has both democratic potential and darker sides: crowdsourcing and open learning; censorship and cyber warfare… the final chapter reflects on the promise and perils of ICTs and recommends some future directions for research.Item Open Access Information lives of the poor : fighting poverty with technology [Myanmar version](Lawkatharaphu Publishing House, 2014) Elder, Laurent; Samarajiva, Rohan; Gillwald, Alison; Galperin, HernánItem Restricted Licensing and related matters, BRTI Workshop, Jakarta, 10 March 2005(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2005) Samarajiva, RohanItem Restricted Making the most of submarine connectivity for Bangladesh(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2005) Samarajiva, RohanItem Restricted National early warning system : Sri Lanka; a participatory concept paper for the design of an effective all-hazard public warning system(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2005) Samarajiva, Rohan; Knight-John, Malathy; Anderson, Peter S.; Zainudeen, AyeshaItem Restricted National early warning system : Sri Lanka; a participatory concept paper for the design of an effective all-hazard public warning system; annexes(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2005) Samarajiva, Rohan; Knight-John, Malathy; Anderson, Peter S.; Zainudeen, AyeshaItem Open Access Next step for telecom regulation : ICT convergence regulation or multisector utilities regulation?(Southern African Journal of Information and Communication (SAJIC), The Edge Institute / Research ICT Africa, Braamfontein, ZA, 2002) Henten, Anders; Samarajiva, Rohan; Melody, WilliamThis paper critically examines the multiple rationales for telecom, IT, media (ICT) convergence regulation on the one hand, and multisector utility regulation on the other, and the practical questions of implementation they pose, with a view to contributing to informed policy and regulatory decisions that are now underway in many countries. The conditions that may affect the creation of convergence and multi-sector regulation, ranging from underlying commonality of inputs and the behaviour of regulated firms to considerations that are specific to the regulatory process such as scarcity of regulatory resources and safeguards for regulatory independence, are examined. The paper concludes that ICT and media convergence issues are primarily about improving the efficiency of market economies, and how changes in regulation can facilitate this process. It is likely to be of primary interest for countries that already have an established effective independent telecom regulator. Multisector regulation issues are primarily about establishing the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation so it can be a catalyst for network and economic development. It is likely to be of primary interest to countries that have not yet established effective telecom regulation. Each regulatory option arises from an initial diagnose of different problems, and represents different priorities and pathways to achieving a very similar set of development objectives.Item Open Access Pauvres et l'information : lutter contre la pauvreté à l'aide de la technologie(CRDI, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2013) Elder, Laurent; Samarajiva, Rohan; Gillwald, Alison; Galperin, HernánItem Open Access Pobres en la era de la información : combatiendo la pobreza con tecnología(CIID, Ottawa, ON, CA, 2013) Elder, Laurent; Samarajiva, Rohan; Gillwald, Alison; Galperin, HernánItem Open Access Research, capacity-building, advocacy and dissemination by LIRNEasia : advancing evidence-based policymaking and regulation in the emerging Asia-Pacific to ensure greater participation in ICTs (Phase II); final technical report(LIRNEasia, Colombo, LK, 2010) Samarajiva, Rohan; Galpaya, Helani; Gamage, Sujata; Lokanathan, Sriganesh; Wattegama, ChanukaMuch of LIRNEasia’s research in this cycle is based on the idea that mobile phones will be the primary device through which the “bottom of the pyramid” (BOP) in emerging markets engages with the Internet, and tasks associated with the Internet such as information retrieval, payments and remote computing. In addition to this research and the CPRsouth programme, the project included capacity building among National regulatory agency (NRA) national statistical organization (NSO) staff and non-governmental, non-private sector actors who can influence policy reform processes. The purpose of this project was advancement of evidence-based policy making and regulation through an integrated program of research, capacity building and advocacy. Detailed project Appendices are included.